Belongs within: Thripida.
Contains: Odontothripiella, Wegenerithrips, Plesiothrips, Aptinothripina, Dendrothripinae, Frankliniella, Pseudanaphothrips, Sericothripinae, Scirtothrips, Anaphothrips, Taeniothrips, Thrips, Panchaetothripinae, Chirothrips.
The Thripidae are a diverse and cosmopolitan family of thrips including, amongst others, the great majority of the pest thrips species. Recent authors have recognised four subfamilies within the Thripidae though the largest of these, the Thripinae, is defined only by the absence of derived characters and is undoubtedly paraphyletic. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has suggested division of the family between two major lineages, one including the subfamilies Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae and thripine genera related to Frankliniella, and the other including the subfamily Panchaetothripinae and genera related to Thrips (Buckman et al. 2013). The latter of these clades also includes the distinctive genus Scolothrips, species of which are predators on leaf-feeding mites.
The Chirothripini have been recognised as a tribe of grass-living ‘Thripinae’ but, again, the characters defining this assemblage are probably related to their habitat and the tribe is probably not monophyletic (Mound & Marullo 1996). Limothrips is a genus found in temperate regions with wingless males and an exceptionally stout pair of thorn-like setae on tergite X in females (Mound & Marullo 1996). Kurtomathrips are minute, usually wingless thrips with a pair of prominent, broadly flattened setae on the posterior angles of the pronotum (Mound & Marullo 1996).
Characters (from Mound & Marullo 1996): Small to medium in body size (0.5–2.5 mm in length). Antenna with six to eight (rarely nine) segments, terminal segments forming short style at apex of segment VI if present; segments III and IV each with one (occasionally two) emergent, forked or simple, sensory trichomes, each of which is more than twice as long as wide. Tentorium not developed. Wings, if present, slender and usually more or less pointed, with two longitudinal veins each usually bearing a row of setae. Females with serrated ovipositor (rarely reduced) that is downturned at apex. Males commonly smaller and paler than females with a more slender body, often bearing one or more glandular areas on median sternites.
<==Thripidae [Thripinae, Thripini]
|--+--Ayyaria Karny 1926BMW13, M96
| | `--*A. chaetophora Karny 1926M96
| |--+--AptinothripinaBMW13
| | `--DendrothripinaeBMW13
| |--+--FrankliniellaBMW13
| | `--PseudanaphothripsBMW13
| `--+--SericothripinaeBMW13
| `--+--+--Anascirtothrips aroraiBMW13
| | `--ScirtothripsBMW13
| `--+--Parabaliothrips Priesner 1935BMW13, M96
| | |--*P. takahashii Priesner 1935M96
| | |--P. newmaniM04
| | `--P. setifer (Karny 1920) [=Isoneurothrips setifer]M96
| `--Echinothrips Moulton 1911BMW13, MM96
| |--*E. mexicanus Moulton 1911MM96
| |--E. americanus Morgan 1913 [incl. Dictyothrips floridensis Watson 1919]MM96
| |--E. asperatus Hood 1957MM96
| |--E. caribbeanus Hood 1955MM96
| |--E. pinnatus Hood 1960MM96
| |--E. selaginellae Mound 1994MM96
| `--E. subflavus Hood 1927MM96
`--+--+--AnaphothripsBMW13
| `--+--TaeniothripsBMW13
| `--ThripsBMW13
`--+--+--PanchaetothripinaeBMW13
| `--Scolothrips Hinds 1902BMW13, MM96
| |--*S. sexmaculatus (Pergande 1894) [=Thrips sexmaculata]MM96
| |--S. indicusHC01
| |--S. longicornisHC01
| `--S. rhagebianusBMW13
`--+--Caprithrips Faure 1933BMW13, MM96
| |--*C. analis Faure 1933MM96
| |--C. insularis Beshear 1975MM96
| `--C. moundi Bhatti 1980M96
`--+--Pezothrips Karny 1907BMW13, JR-SM-G05
| |--P. kellyanusBMW13
| `--P. pedestris Karny 1910K10
`--+--Tenothrips Bhatti 1967BMW13, JR-SM-G05
| |--*T. alis (Bhatti 1967) [=Taeniothrips (*Tenothrips) alis]M96
| `--T. frici (Uzel 1895)MM96 [=Physopus friciMM96; incl. Physothrips brevicornis Bagnall 1916M96]
`--+--ChirothripiniMM96
| |--ChirothripsBMW13
| `--Limothrips Haliday 1836MM96
| |--*L. cerealium (Haliday 1836) [=Thrips (*Limothrips) cerealium]MM96
| |--L. angulicornis Jablonowski 1894M96
| `--L. denticornis (Haliday 1836) [=Thrips (Limothrips) denticornis]M96
`--Arorathrips Bhatti 1990BMW13, MM96
|--*A. mexicanus (Crawford 1909) [=Chirothrips mexicanus]MM96
|--A. crassiscelis (Zur Strassen 1967) [=Chirothrips crassiscelis]MM96
|--A. fulvus (Moulton 1936) [=Chirothrips fulvus; incl. C. dolosus De Santis 1967]MM96
|--A. nigriceps (Hood 1952) [=Chirothrips nigriceps]MM96
|--A. spiniceps (Hood 1915) [=Chirothrips spiniceps]MM96
`--A. xanthius (Hood 1934) [=Chirothrips xanthius; incl. C. oryzae De Santis 1967]MM96
Thripidae incertae sedis:
Ceratothrips Reuter 1899M83, GM79
`--C. friciM83
Sorgothrips Priesner 1936JR-SM-G05
Anomothrips Bhatti 1978JR-SM-G05
OdontothripiellaJR-SM-G05
Odontothrips Amyot & Serville 1843JR-SM-G05
Projectothrips Moulton 1929JR-SM-G05
Dichromothrips Priesner 1932M96
|--*D. orchidis Priesner 1932M96
|--D. australiae Mound 1976M96
`--D. spiranthidis (Bagnall 1926)M96 [=Physothrips spiranthidisM96; incl. P. simplex Morrison 1930G30, GM79]
Trichromothrips Priesner 1930M96
|--*T. bellus Priesner 1930M96
`--T. bilongilineatus (Girault 1925)M96 [=Euthrips bilongilineatusM96, Taeniothrips bilongilineatusG26]
TethysthripsPL12
|--T. hispanicusPL12
`--T. libanicusPL12
Adelphithrips cassiniae Mound & Palmer 1981MM04
Dikrothrips diphyes Mound & Walker 1981MM04
Lomatothrips paryphis Mound & Walker 1982MM04
Lefroyothrips Priesner 1938MM96, JR-SM-G05
Megalurothrips Bagnall 1915MM96, JR-SM-G05
|--*M. typicus Bagnall 1915M96
|--M. kellyanus (Bagnall 1921) [=Physothrips kellyanus; incl. P. livii Girault 1930]M96
`--M. usitatus (Bagnall 1913) (see below for synonymy)M96
CricothripsMM96
MoundiellaMM96
Bournierothrips Bhatti 1979MM96
WegenerithripsMM96
PlesiothripsMM96
Graphidothrips stuardoiMM96
ExothripsMM96
Organothrips bianchiiMM96
Muscithrips Bournier 1990MM96, JR-SM-G05
XenothripsMM09
Monothrips flavusMM09
Gabanithrips Bhatti & Mound 1992MM96
`--*G. bantus Bhatti & Mound 1992MM96
Craspedothrips zur Strassen 1966MM96, JR-SM-G05
`--C. inconstantis (Johansen & Mojica 1986) (see below for synonymy)JR-SM-G05
Scirtidothrips Hood 1954MM96
`--*S. torquatus Hood 1954MM96
Rhabdothrips Hood 1933MM96
`--*R. albus Hood 1933MM96
Fulmekiola Karny 1925MM96
`--F. serrata (Kobus 1893) [=Thrips serrata; incl. *F. interrupta Karny 1925]MM96
Paraleucothrips Johansen 1983MM96
`--*P. minusculus Johansen 1983MM96
Plesiopsothrips Hood 1956MM96
`--*P. trinidadensis Hood 1956MM96
Prionotothrips Hood 1954MM96
`--*P. procerus Hood 1954MM96
Sciothrips Bhatti 1970MM96
`--*S. cardamomi (Ramakrishna 1935) [=Taeniothrips cardamomi]MM96
Systenothrips Hood 1956MM96
`--*S. latens Hood 1956MM96
Aneristothrips De Santis 1957MM96
|--*A. rostratus De Santis 1957MM96
`--A. claripennis (Moulton 1933) [=Mycertothrips claripennis]MM96
Arpediothrips Hood 1927MM96
|--*A. mojave Hood 1927MM96
`--A. mexicanus Watson 1939MM96
Bradinothrips Hood 1954 [incl. Palleucothrips Hood 1956]MM96
|--*B. williamsi Hood 1954MM96
`--B. musae (Hood 1956) [=*Palleucothrips musae]MM96
Cercyothrips Morgan 1925MM96
|--*C. striatus Morgan 1925MM96
`--C. galbinus Hood 1957MM96
Coremothrips Hood 1925MM96
|--*C. pallidus Hood 1925MM96
`--C. nubilicus Hood 1954MM96
Danothrips Bhatti 1971MM96
|--*D. setifer Bhatti 1971MM96
|--D. theivorusA78
`--D. trifasciatus Sakimura 1975MM96
Dendrothripoides Bagnall 1923MM96
|--D. innoxius (Karny 1914)MM96 (see below for synonymy)
`--D. microchaetusMM96
Rhamphothrips Karny 1913MM96
|--*R. tenuirostris [=Rhynchothrips tenuirostris]MM96
`--R. pandens Sakimura 1983MM96
Salpingothrips Hood 1935MM96
|--*S. minimus Hood 1935MM96
`--S. aimotofusMM96
Bregmatothrips Hood 1912MM96
|--*B. venustus Hood 1912MM96
|--B. difficilis Johansen 1977MM96
|--B. gracilis Hood & Williams 1915MM96
`--B. saccharicolus (Bianchi 1945) [=Diarthrothrips saccharicolus]M96
Chaetanaphothrips Priesner 1925MM96
|--*C. orchidii (Moulton 1907) [=Euthrips orchidii]MM96
|--C. bilongilineatusR70
|--C. deformansA78
|--C. leeuweni (Karny 1914) [=Euthrips leeuweni; incl. Scirtothrips clarus Moulton 1942]MM96
`--C. signipennis (Bagnall 1914)MM96 (see below for synonymy)
Corynothrips Williams 1913MM96
|--*C. stenopterus Williams 1913MM96
|--C. cruentatus Hood 1934MM96
`--C. flavus Moulton 1941MM96
Dorcadothrips Priesner 1932MM96
|--*D. caespitis Priesner 1932MM96
|--D. cyperaceaeMM96
|--D. obscuriceps (Girault 1931) [=Diarthrothrips obscuriceps]M96
`--D. xanthius (Williams 1917) [=Physothrips xanthius]M96
Kurtomathrips Moulton 1927MM96
|--*K. morrilli Moulton 1927MM96
|--K. anahuacensis Johansen 1976MM96
`--K. brunneus (Watson 1931) [=Prosopothrips brunneus; incl. K. unicolor Bailey 1961]MM96
Leucothrips Reuter 1904MM96
|--*L. nigripennis Reuter 1904MM96
|--L. furcatusMM96
|--L. pictusMM96
`--L. theobromaeMM96
Bravothrips Johansen 1986MM96, JR-SM-G05
|--*B. daturae Johansen 1986MM96
|--B. halffteri Johansen 1986MM96
|--B. kraussi (Crawford 1948) [=Taeniothrips kraussi]MM96
|--B. mexicanus (Priesner 1933) [=Taeniothrips mexicanus]MM96
`--B. tibialis (Crawford 1948)JR-SM-G05 [=Taeniothrips tibialisMM96]
Ceratothripoides Bagnall 1918MM96, JR-SM-G05
|--*C. brunneus Bagnall 1918MM96
|--C. chilticus Johansen 1986MM96
|--C. claratrisWJM13
|--C. funestus (Hood 1915) [=Physothrips funestus; incl. Taeniothrips martorellorum Medina Gaud 1961]MM96
|--C. lagoenacollus (Moulton 1933) [=Taeniothrips lagoenacollus]MM96
`--C. silvestris (Hood 1935) [=Taeniothrips silvestris]MM96
Halmathrips Hood 1936MM96
|--*H. citricinctus Hood 1936MM96
|--H. beckeri Stannard 1953 [=H. (Phaosothrips) beckeri]MM96
|--H. debilis Stannard 1953MM96
|--H. ferruginus Johansen 1974 [=H. (Demetriothrips) ferruginus]MM96
`--H. tricinctus Stannard 1953MM96
Chaetisothrips Priesner 1957MM96
|--*C. striatus (Hood 1935) [=Isochaetothrips striatus; incl. C. striatus caribbeanus Sakimura 1969]MM96
|--C. chavesi Mound & Marullo 1996MM96
|--C. garciamirandai Johansen 1982MM96
|--C. gardeniae (Crawford 1945) [=Isochaetothrips gardeniae]MM96
|--C. mecocephalus Sakimura 1969 [incl. Isochaetothrips garciaamarae Johansen 1978]MM96
|--C. medinai Sakimura 1969MM96
`--C. reticulatus (Crawford 1910) [=Dictyothrips reticulatus; incl. Isochaetothrips dampfi Priesner 1933]MM96
Psectrothrips Hood 1937 [incl. Lacandonithrips Johansen 1981]MM96
|--*P. delostomae Hood 1937MM96
|--P. beckeri Stannard 1951MM96
|--P. elegantis (Johansen 1981) [=*Lacandonithrips elegantis]MM96
|--P. interruptus (Hood 1957) [=Pseudothrips interruptus]MM96
|--P. longiceps (Hood 1954) [=Pseudothrips longiceps]MM96
|--P. palmerae Mound & Marullo 1996MM96
`--P. spadix (Hood 1916) [=Pseudothrips spadix]MM96
Xerothrips Nakahara 1996N96
`--*X. dissimilis Nakahara 1996N96
Diarthrothrips coffeaeRD77
Kakothrips robustusRD77
Amphithrips argutusA78
Pteridothrips pteridicolaA78
Smeringothrips salaciaeA78
Tmetothrips subapterusA78
Bolacothrips Uzel 1895PB96
|--*B. jordani Uzel 1895PB96
|--B. australiensis (Girault 1928) (see below for synonymy)M96
`--B. pulcher (Girault 1929) [=Plesiothrips pulcher]M96
Labiothrips Bhatti & Mound 1994M96
`--*L. tenor Bhatti & Mound 1994M96
Physemothrips Stannard 1962M96
`--*P. chrysodermus Stannard 1962M96
Rhamphiskothrips Mound 1990M96
`--*R. rhipistos Mound 1990M96
Physothrips Karny 1914M96, GM79
|--P. basicornisA78
|--P. seticollis Bagnall 1915GM79
|--P. silvae Girault 1928 (n. d.)G28
|--P. speciosus (Hood 1919)GM79 [incl. P. flavicinctus Karny 1924G30, GM79]
`--P. ulmifoliorumA78
Bolacothrips australiensis (Girault 1928) [=Limothrips australiensis; incl. Pezothrips aureus Girault 1929, L. formosus Girault 1929]M96
Chaetanaphothrips signipennis (Bagnall 1914)MM96 [=Scirtothrips signipennisMM96, Anaphothrips signipennisMM96; incl. Euthrips biguttaticorpus Girault 1924M96, Physothrips citricorpus Girault 1927M96, E. musae Tryon in Girault 1925M96]
Craspedothrips inconstantis (Johansen & Mojica 1986) [=Wegenerithrips inconstantis, Ceratothripoides inconstantis]JR-SM-G05
Dendrothripoides innoxius (Karny 1914)MM96 [=Euthrips innoxiusMM96; incl. Scirtothrips gladiiseta Girault 1933M96, *Dendrothripoides ipomeae Bagnall 1923MM96]
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall 1913) [=Physothrips usitatus; incl. P. usitatus cinctipennis Bagnall 1916, P. mjobergi Karny 1920, Frankliniella nigricornis Schmutz 1913]M96
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.
[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.
[G26] Girault, A. A. 1926. New pests from Australia. III. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 203–204).
[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some Insecta and a new All Highness. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 225–228).
[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).
[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.
[HC01] Ho, C.-C., & W.-H. Chen. 2001. Life cycle, food consumption, and seasonal occurrence of Scolothrips indicus (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) on eggplant. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress pp. 409–412. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.
[JR-SM-G05] Johansen, R. M., A. P. Retana-Salazar & A. Mojica-Guzmán. 2005. A review of the New World bryophyte-feeding genus Wegenerithrips Johansen 1983 (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 61–83.
[K10] Karny, H. 1910. Neue Thysanopteren die Wiener Gegend. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines an der Universität Wiens 8 (2): 41–57.
[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.
[MM04] Martin, N. A., & L. A. Mound. 2004. Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). New Zealand Entomologist 27: 119–123.
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[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian Thysanoptera—biological diversity and a diversity of studies. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 248–257.
[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.
[MM09] Mound, L. A., & M. Masumoto. 2009. Australian Thripinae of the Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera), with three new genera and thirty-three new species. Zootaxa 2042: 1–76.
[N96] Nakahara, S. 1996. Xerothrips dissimilis new genus and species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from California and Nevada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 208–214.
[PL12] Peñalver, E., C. C. Labandeira, E. Barrón, X. Delclòs, P. Nel, A. Nel, P. Tafforeau & C. Soriano. 2012. Thrips pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (22): 8623–8628.
[R70] Reed, E. M. 1970. Thysanoptera (thrips). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 458–464. Melbourne University Press.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
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Bastards.
Aw, but they're so cute!