Ophioglossaceae

Belongs within: Monilophyta.

The Ophioglossaceae include the adder’s tongue ferns and moonworts. Members of this family have only one or two leaves per plant, with the leaf divided between a sterile basal section and a spore-producing distal section. Gametophytes are subterranean and non-photosynthesising, as in their sister group the Psilotaceae.

Ophioglossum, adder’s tongues, have undivided fronds with reticulate veins (Allan 1961).

Synapomorphies (Cantino et al 2007): Root hairs absent; planation present in distal regions only of vegetative leaves, leaf base dilated, leaf divided between basal trophophore and distal sporophore; exarch protoxylem present in stem; sclerenchyma absent from cortex; perispore ultrastructure fibrillar.

<==Ophioglossaceae [Ophioglossales, Ophioglosseae, Ophioglossidae, Ophioglossophyta, Ophioglossophytina, Ophioglossopsida]
    |  i. s.: Mankyua chejuenseCD07
    |         Chiroglossa palmataM03
    |--Helminthostachys zeylanica (Linnaeus) Hooker 1840SL05, I88 [=Osmunda zeylanica Linnaeus 1753I88]
    |--Ophioglossum Linnaeus 1753SL05, A61
    |    |  i. s.: O. californicum [=O. lusitanicum ssp. californicum]H93
    |    |         O. circinnatumM99
    |    |         O. engelmaniiMK00
    |    |         O. palmatumJ87
    |    |         O. pedunculosum Desv. 1811 [incl. O. elongatum Cunningham 1837]A61
    |    |         O. petiolatum Hooker 1823I88
    |    |         O. pusillum [incl. O. vulgatum var. pseudopodum]H93
    |    |         O. vulgatum Linnaeus 1753CD07 [incl. O. ellipticumB78, O. parvifoliumB78]
    |    |           |--O. v. var. vulgatumA61
    |    |           |--O. v. var. costatumA61
    |    |           |--O. v. var. gramineumA61
    |    |           `--O. v. var. minimumA61
    |    |--O. subg. OphioglossumH90
    |    |    |--O. lusitanicumH90 [=O. vulgatum var. lusitanicumA61]
    |    |    |    |--O. l. var. lusitanicumH90
    |    |    |    `--O. l. var. coriaceumH90 [=O. coriaceum Cunningham 1837A61]
    |    |    |--O. polyphyllumH90
    |    |    `--O. reticulatum Linnaeus 1753H90, CD07
    |    `--O. (subg. Ophioderma) pendulumH90
    `--+--BotrypusSL05
       |    |--B. strictusSL05
       |    `--B. virginianusSL05
       `--+--SceptridiumSL05
          |    |--S. lunarioidesSL05
          |    `--+--S. dissectumSL05
          |       `--S. japonicumSL05
          `--Botrychium Swartz 1801SL05, A61
               |  i. s.: B. ascendensH93
               |         B. australe Br. 1810A61 (see below for synonymy)
               |           |--B. a. var. australeA61
               |           `--B. a. var. millefolium Prantl 1883A61 (see below for synonymy)
               |         B. biforme Col. 1886 (n. d.)A61
               |         B. crenulatumH93
               |         B. daucifolium Wallich ex Hooker & Greville 1829 (see below for synonymy)I88
               |         B. flabellifoliumA27
               |         B. lanuginosum Wallich ex Hooker & Greville 1829 (see below for synonymy)I88
               |         B. minganenseH93
               |         B. montanumH93
               |         B. multifidum (Gmelin) Ruprecht 1859I88 (see below for synonymy)
               |         B. pinnatum [incl. B. boreale ssp. obtusilobatum]H93
               |         B. pumicolaH93
               |         B. wightonii Rothwell & Stockey 1989C93
               |--B. lanceolatumSL05
               `--+--B. campestreSL05
                  |--B. lunaria (Linnaeus) Swartz 1801SL05, I88 [=Osmunda lunaria Linnaeus 1753I88]
                  `--B. simplexSL05 [incl. B. simplex var. compositumH93]

Botrychium australe Br. 1810^A61 [incl. B. cicutarium Hook. f. 1864^A61, B. ternatum Hook. & Baker 1873^A61, Osmunda ternata^B78, B. virginianum Hook. f. 1855 (preoc.)^A61]

Botrychium australe var. millefolium Prantl 1883^A61 [incl. B. cicutarium var. dissectum Hook. f. 1864^A61, B. ternatum var. dissectum Cheeseman 1906^C06]

Botrychium daucifolium Wallich ex Hooker & Greville 1829 [=Sceptridium daucifolium (Wallich) Lyon 1905; incl. S. daucifolium var. parvum (v. A. v. R.) Nishida 1966]^I88

Botrychium lanuginosum Wallich ex Hooker & Greville 1829 [=B. virginianum var. lanuginosum (Wallich) Bedd. 1883, Japonobotrychium lanuginosum (Wallich) Nishida ex Tagawa 1958, Osmundopteris lanuginosum (Wallich) Nishida 1952; incl. J. lanuginosum var. nepalense Nishida 1966]^I88

Botrychium multifidum (Gmelin) Ruprecht 1859^I88 [=Osmunda multifida Gmelin 1768^I88, Sceptridium multifidum (Gmelin) Nishida ex Tagawa 1958^I88; incl. B. multifidum ssp. coulteri^H93, B. multifidum ssp. silaifolium^H93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[A27] Andersen, J. C. 1927. Popular names of New Zealand plants. Part 2. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 905–977.

[B78] Bentham, G. 1878. Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory vol. 7. Roxburghiaceae to Filices. L. Reeve & Co.: London.

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[C93] Cleal, C. J. 1993. Pteridophyta. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 779–794. Chapman & Hall: London.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[I88] Iwatsuki, K. 1988. An enumeration of the pteridophytes of Nepal. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 231–339.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[M03] Macloskie, G. 1903. Pteridophyta, ferns and fernlike plants. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 127–138. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[MK00] McCourt, R. M., K. G. Karol, J. Bell, K. M. Helm-Bychowski, A. Grajewska, M. F. Wojciechowski & R. W. Hoshaw. 2000. Phylogeny of the conjugating green algae (Zygnemophyceae) based on rbcL sequences. Journal of Phycology 36: 747–758.

[M99] Mirbel, B. 1799. Analyse d’un mémoire sur les fougères à capsules sans anneaux. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 2 (30): 41–42.

[SL05] Small, R. L., E. B. Lickey, J. Shaw & W. D. Hauk. 2005. Amplification of noncoding chloroplast DNA for phylogenetic studies in lycophytes and monilophytes with a comparative example of relative phylogenetic utility from Ophioglossaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 509–522.