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Belongs within: Copepoda.
Contains: Polyarthra, Oligoarthra, Poecilostomatoida, Siphonostomatoida, Hemicyclopinidae, Cyclopidae, Cyclopinidae, Chordeumiidae, Lernaeidae, Oithonidae, Cyclopettidae.
The Podoplea are a major clade containing all copepods except the Platycopioida and Calanoida. It is characterised by the placement of a mobile joint between the fifth and segments of the trunk, rather than between the sixth and seventh segments as in the other groups (Ax 1999). Subgroups include the free-living Misophrioida which retain a heart and have biramous, multi-articulate thoracic legs with plumose setae for swimming.
<==Podoplea [Notodelphyoida]MD01 |--MisophrioidaHD03 | | i. s.: Arcticomisophria bathylaptevensis Martínez Arbisu & Seifried 1996S03 | | Misophriella schminkei Martínez Arbizu & Jaume 1999S03 | | Misophriopsis australis Martínez Arbizu & Jaume 1999S03 | | ExpansophriaFBI01 | | |--E. apodaFBI01 | | `--E. galapagensisFBI01 | |--MisophriidaeFBI01 | |--PalpophriidaeFBI01 | `--SpeleophriaPH13 [SpeleophriidaeFBI01] | `--S. bunderae Jaume, Boxshall & Humphreys 2001PH13 `--+--Mormonillidae [Mormonilloida]HD03 |--HarpacticoidaHD03 | | i. s.: Microstella norvegicaK-M02 | | ParamphiascopsisS03 | | Paramorariopsis anae Brancelj 1991B01 | | Pseudomoraria triglavensis (Brancelj 1994)B01 | | AmbunguipedidaeMD01 | | HamondiidaeMD01 | | Meloriastacus ctenidisTK98 | | ParathalestrisHF98 | | |--P. clausiHF98 | | `--P. jacksoniB26 | |--PolyarthraS03 | `--OligoarthraS03 |--+--PoecilostomatoidaHD03 | `--+--Thaumatopsyllidae [Thaumatopsylloida, Thespesiopsyllidae]HD03 | | |--Orientopsyllus investigatoris Sewell 1949HD03 | | |--Australopsyllus fallax McKinnon 1994HD03 | | |--Thaumatopsyllus Sars 1913 [=Thespesiopsyllus Wilson 1924 (nom. van.)]HD03 | | | `--T. paradoxus Sars 1913 [=Thespesiopsyllus paradoxus]HD03 | | `--CaribeopsyllusHD03 | | |--C. amphipodiae Ho, Dojiri et al. 2003HD03 | | `--C. chawayi Suárez-Morales & Castellanos 1998HD03 | `--+--SiphonostomatoidaHD03 | `--Monstrilla Dana 1848N44 [Monstrillidae, MonstrilloidaHD03] | |--M. canadensis McMurrich 1917N44 | |--M. conjunctiva Giesbrecht 1902N44 | |--M. intermedia Aurivillius 1898N44 | |--M. longispinosa Bourne 1890N44 | |--M. mixta Scott 1914N44 | |--M. ostroumowi Karaviev 1895N44 | |--M. serricornisB26 | `--M. wandelii Stephensen 1913N44 `--+--Gelyella Rouch & Lescher-Moutoué 1977R86 [Gelyellidae, GelyelloidaHD03] | `--G. droguei Rouch & Lescher-Moutoué 1977R86 `--Cyclopoida [Gnathostoma]HD03 | i. s.: Ginesia Jaume & Boxshall 1997MA01b | `--G. longicaudata Jaume & Boxshall 1997MA01b | Smirnovipina Martínez Arbizu 1997MA01b | `--S. barentsiana (Smirnov 1935)MA01b | Troglocyclops Rocha & Iliffe 1994MA01b | Dussartcyclops consensus Karanovic 2003HA13 |--HemicyclopinidaeMA01b |--CyclopidaeKT09 |--CyclopinidaeH86 |--ChordeumiidaeBO01 |--Mantra Leigh-Sharpe 1934MA01a [MantridaeMD01] |--BuproridaeMD01 |--Schizoproctidae [Botrylophyllidae]MD01 |--Archinotodelphys Lang 1949MA01a [ArchinotodelphyidaeMD01] |--FratiidaeMD01 |--LernaeidaeMD01 |--OzmanidaeMD01 |--SpeleoithonidaeMD01 |--AbrsidaeKT09 |--OithonidaeN44 |--CucumaricolaB88 [CucumaricolidaeBO01] | `--C. notabilis Paterson 1958B88 |--EnterognathusBK77 [AscidicolidaeBO01, Enterognathinae] | `--E. comatulaeBK77 |--NotodelphyidaeH01 | |--Pachypygus gibberH01, R96 | `--Doropygus [Doropygidae]BK77 | `--D. pulexBK77 |--PsammocyclopinidaeMA01a | |--Psammocyclopina Wells 1967MA01a | | |--*P. hindleyi Wells 1967MA01a | | `--P. georgei Martínez Arbizu 2001MA01a | `--Metacyclopina Lindberg 1953MA01a | |--‘Cyclopina’ agilis Wilson 1932MA01a | |--M. brevisetosa Herbst 1975MA01a | |--M. harpacticoidea (Klie 1949)MA01a | |--M. improvisa Herbst & Zo 1981MA01a | `--M. roscoffensis Bozic 1953MA01a `--CyclopettidaeMA00
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
Ax, P. 1999. Das System der Metazoa II. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. Gustav Fisher Verlag: Stuttgart (translated: 2000. Multicellular Animals: The phylogenetic system of the Metazoa Vol. 2. Springer: Berlin).
[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.
[B26] Bigelow, H. B. 1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of Maine. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 40 (2): 1–509.
[B88] Boxshall, G. A. 1988. A review of the copepod endoparasites of brittle stars. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology series 54 (6): 261–270.
[BO01] Boxshall, G. A., & S. Ohtsuka. 2001. Two new families of copepods (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on echinoderms. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21 (1): 96–105.
[B01] Brancelj, A. 2001. Male of Moraria radovnae Brancelj, 1988 (Copepoda: Crustacea), and notes on endemic and rare copepod species from Slovenia and neighbouring countries. Hydrobiologia 453/454: 513–524.
[FBI01] Fosshagen, A., G. A. Boxshall & T. M. Iliffe. 2001. The Epacteriscidae, a cave-living family of calanoid copepods. Sarsia 86: 245–318.
[HF98] Hall, J. A., & C. L. J. Frid. 1998. Colonisation patterns of adult macrobenthos in a polluted North Sea estuary. Aquatic Ecology 33: 333–340.
[H86] Herbst, H.-V. 1986. Copepoda: Cyclopoida aus dem meeres- und brackwasser-interstitial. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 313–320. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[HD03] Ho, J.-S., M. Dojiri, G. Hendler & G. B. Deets. 2003. A new species of Copepoda (Thaumatopsyllidae) symbiotic with a brittle star from California, U.S.A., and designation of a new order Thaumatopsylloida. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 582–594.
[HA13] Humphreys, G., J. Alexander, M. S. Harvey & W. F. Humphreys. 2013. The subterranean fauna of Barrow Island, north-western Australia: 10 years on. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 145–158.
[H01] Huys, R. 2001. Splanchnotrophid systematics: a case of polyphyly and taxonomic myopia. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21 (1): 106–156.
[KT09] Karanovic, T., & D. Tang. 2009. A new species of the copepod genus Australoeucyclops (Crustacea: Cyclopoida: Eucyclopinae) from Western Australia shows the role of aridity in habitat shift and colonisation of ground water. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 247–263.
[K-M02] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002. Sculpins. Family Cottidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 346–357. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.
[MA00] Martínez Arbizu, P. 2000. A new species of Cyclopetta from the Laptev Sea (Arctic Ocean), with the recognition of Cyclopettidae fam. nov., a new monophylum of free-living Cyclopoida (Copepoda). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 70: 91–101.
[MA01a] Martínez Arbizu, P. 2001a. Psammocyclopinidae fam. n., a new monophyletic group of marine Cyclopoida (Copepoda, Crustacea), with the description of Psammocyclopina georgei sp. n. from the Magellan region. Revista Bras. Zool. 18 (4): 1325–1339.
[MA01b] Martínez Arbizu, P. 2001b. Hemicyclopinidae n. fam., a new monophyletic group of marine cyclopinid Cyclopoida, with description of one new genus and two new species (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Senckenbergiana Biologica 81 (1–2): 37–54.
[N44] Nicholls, A. G. 1944. Littoral Copepoda from South Australia. (II) Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Notodelphyoida, Monstrilloida and Caligoida. Records of the South Australian Museum 8 (1): 1–62.
[PH13] Poore, G. C. B., & W. F. Humphreys. 2013. Bunderanthura bundera gen. et sp. nov. from Western Australia, first anchialine Leptanthuridae (Isopoda) from the Southern Hemisphere. Records of the Western Australian Museum 28 (1): 21–29.
[R96] Roff, D. A. 1996. The evolution of threshold traits in animals. Quarterly Review of Biology 71 (1): 3–35.
[R86] Rouch, R. 1986. Copepoda: Les harpacticoïdes souterrains des eaux douces continentales. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 321–355. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[S03] Seifried, S. 2003. Phylogeny of Harpacticoida (Copepoda): Revision of “Maxillipedasphalea” and Exanechentera. Cuvillier Verlag: Göttingen.
[TK98] Todaro, M. A., & R. M. Kristensen. 1998. A new species and first report of the genus Nanaloricus (Loricifera, Nanaloricida, Nanaloricidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 219–226.