Belongs within: Arcidae.
The Arcinae are a group of byssally-attached bivalves that are first definitely known from the Jurassic. Members of the type genus, Arca, have elongate, inaequilateral shells with a subrectangular to subtrapezoidal shape, that are commonly expanded or auriculate posteriorly. Acar has an ovoid shell with a prominent posterior umbonal carina and uniform, decussate ornamentation.
Arcinae
|--Acar Gray 1857BD86, K07
| |--*A. divaricataP61
| |--A. celleporaceaBRW98
| |--A. gradataF27a [=Arca gradataF27a, Barbatia gradataC64; incl. Arca pholadiformisC64]
| |--A. sandersonae Powell 1933P61
| `--A. sociella (Brookes 1926)P61 [=Arca sociellaF27a]
`--Arca Linnaeus 1758SY85
| i. s.: A. acupicta Viader 1951L96
| A. adamsiG79
| A. afra Gmelin 1791H09
| A. americana [incl. A. pexata]G79
| A. approximata Viader 1951L96
| A. arataC64
| A. auriculataG79
| A. avellana Lamarck 1819BW09
| A. barbata Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. boucardi Jousseaume 1894XZ10
| A. canalisC64
| A. centrotaG79
| A. clathrata Defrance 1816 [incl. A. clathrata Lamarck 1819 non Defrance 1816]F27b
| A. ‘clathrata’ Reeve 1844 (n. d.) nec Defrance 1816 nec Lamarck 1819F27b
| A. congestaC64
| A. corpulenta Smith 1885H09
| A. cottoni Waghorn 1927W27
| A. dautzenbergi Lamy 1907H09
| A. decussata Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. disparilis Reeve 1844H09
| A. elegans Viader 1951L96
| A. euryta [incl. A. clathrata Leckenby 1858 nec Defrance 1816 nec Lamarck 1819 nec Reeve 1844]F27b
| A. fasciata Reeve 1844H09
| A. floridanaG79
| A. foliata Forskäl 1775H09
| A. galactodesC42
| A. glacialis Mighels 1843J49 [incl. A. koreniiJ64, A. obliquaN79]
| A. glycymeris Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. granosa Linnaeus 1758H09
| A. hectori Woods 1917F27a
| A. imbricata Bruguière 1792H09
| A. incongrua [incl. A. braziliana]G79
| A. labiata Lightfoot 1786K65
| A. lactea Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. lateralis Reeve 1844H09
| A. lienardi Viader 1951L96
| A. listeri [incl. A. granulata]G79
| A. mccoyi Tennison Woods 1877P79
| A. microdonta Conrad 1855C64
| A. multicostata [incl. A. grandis]C64
| A. navicularis Bruguière 1789MG-H11
| A. noae Linnaeus 1758M12
| A. nummaria Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. obesa Sowerby 1833F27b
| A. obispoanaC64
| A. occidentalisG79
| A. pallens Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. pectiniformis [=Pectunculus pectiniformis]C64
| A. pectunculoidesN79
| A. pella Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. pilula Reeve 1844H09
| A. reticulataF27a
| A. semitorta Lamarck 1819H09
| A. senilis Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. squamosaG79 (see below for synonymy)
| A. tenebrica Reeve 1844H09
| A. tenella Reeve 1844H09
| A. tetragonaGW02
| A. trilineataC64
| A. tuberculosa [incl. A. similis]C64
| A. umbonata [incl. A. mutabilis]G79
| A. undata Linnaeus 1758L58
| A. ventricosa Lamarck 1819MG-H11
| A. wendti Lamy 1907H09
|--A. (Arca) subvelata Suter 1917F27a
|--A. (Anadarca Gray 1847)F27a
`--A. (Diluvarca Woodring 1925)F27a
|--A. (*D.) diluviiF27a
`--A. (D.) trapezia Deshayes 1839F27a, H09 [incl. A. lischkeiH08]
Arca squamosaG79 [incl. A. angulataG79, A. divaricataG79, A. domingensisG79, A. donaciformisG79, A. helbingiiC64, A. reeveanaC64]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.
[BRW98] Beesley, P. L., G. J. B. Ross & A. Wells (eds) 1998. Fauna of Australia vol. 5. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Part A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.
[C42] Cantor, D. 1842. Letter containing a list of a collection of shells from Chusan, presented to the society. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 10: 124.
[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.
[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.
[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.
[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.
[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.
[H08] Hedley, C. 1908. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part X. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 456–489, pls 7–10.
[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.
[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. Report of the committee appointed for exploring the coasts of Shetland by means of the dredge. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 70–81.
[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213–231.
[K07] Kamenev, G. M. 2007. The taxonomic position of Bentharca xenophoricola (Kuroda, 1929) and Bentharca rubrotincta Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958 (Bivalvia: Arcidae). Malacologia 49 (2): 351–365.
[K65] Kay, E. A. 1965. The Reverend John Lightfoot, Daniel Solander, and the Portland Catalogue. Nautilus 79 (1): 10–19.
[L96] Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research 17: 110.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[M12] Morton, B. 2012. The biology and functional morphology of Nucula pusilla (Bivalvia: Protobranchia: Nuculidae) from Western Australia, Australia: primitive or miniature simplicity? Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 85–100.
[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.
[P79] Petterd, W. F. 1879. List of the freshwater shells of Tasmania. Journal of Conchology 2: 80–88.
[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.
[SY85] Sha J.-G. & Yuan F.-S. 1985. Buchia fauna from Dong’anzhen Formation near Dong’an of Raohe County, Heilongjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 24 (6): 651–662.
[W27] Waghorn, R. J. 1927. The geology of the Ruakokopatuna Valley, southern Wairarapa. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 226–234.
[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.