Belongs within: Poaceae.
Contains: Olyreae, Bambuseae.
The Bambusoideae are a clade within the grasses uniting the woody bamboos (Bambuseae and Arundinarieae) with the herbaceous Olyreae of the American tropics. The clade is supported by the presence of a pseudopetiole and loss of the lamina of the first seedling leaf (Kellogg 2015). Earlier authors have united a broader group of taxa into the Bambusoideae by the shared presence of fusoid and arm cells in the leaves; however, this leaf anatomy is plesiomorphic within the Poaceae and Bambusoideae has been restricted to a smaller monophyletic group.
Within the Bambusoideae, the temperate woody bamboos belong to the tribe Arundinarieae. Branch development in this clade is basipetal and foliage leaves have an outer ligule (Kellogg 2015).
Characters (Kellogg 2015): Plants perennial. Culms woody or herbaceous, caespitose or rhizomatous, nodes flat or swollen. Leaves pseudopetiolate, often with obvious cross veins, strongly dimorphic in woody taxa, with culm leaves distinctly different from leaves on lateral branches (“foliage leaves”), culm leaves with prominent sheaths and reduced blades, foliage leaves pseudopetiolate. Ligule membranous, with or without a fringe of hairs. Outer ligule present or absent. Inflorescences branched or unbranched, bearing spikelets or pseudospikelets. Glumes 1 to several, or lacking. Lodicules 3, with extensive vascular tissue. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary with 2 or 3 stigmas. Hilum linear, as long as caryopsis. Epiblast present, scutellar cleft present, mesocotyl internode absent, embryonic leaf margins overlapping. Lamina of first seedling leaf absent. Mesophyll with fusoid cells, with arm cells with asymmetric invaginations in cell walls. C3.
<==Bambusoideae [Olyroideae, Parianoideae]
|--+--OlyreaeK15
| `--BambuseaeK15
`--ArundinarieaeK15
|--Thamnocalamus Munro 1868K15
|--Kuruna Attigala, Kaththriarachchi & Clark 2014K15
|--× Hibanobambusa [Phyllostachys × Sasa]K15
|--× Sasaella [Pleioblastus × Sasa]K15
|--Bergbambos Stapleton 2013K15
| `--B. tessellataK15
|--Oldeania Stapleton 2013K15
| `--O. alpina [=Yushania alpina]K15
|--Gaoligongshania Li, Hsueh & Xia 1995K15
| `--G. megalothyrsaK15
|--Chimonocalamus Xue & Yi 1979K15
| |--C. delicatusK15
| `--C. pallensK15
|--Indocalamus Nakai 1925K15
| |--*I. sinicusK15
| `--I. wilsonii (Endle) Chao & Chu 1981K15
|--+--Shibataea Makino ex Nakai 1933K15
| |--Ferrocalamus Xue & Keng 1982K15
| |--Gelidocalamus Wen 1982K15
| `--Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai 1925K15
| |--*P. × japonicaK15
| `--P. owatariiA76
|--+--Indosasa McClure 1940K15
| |--Sasamorpha Nakai 1931K15
| | `--S. borealisGKO96
| |--Sasa Makino & Shibata 1901K15
| | |--*S. veitchiiK15
| | |--S. kurilensisT03
| | `--S. paniculataRJ11
| `--Arundinaria Michx. 1803K15
| |--A. alpinaPB27
| |--A. amabilisK15
| |--A. giganteaWW04
| |--A. tectaS96
| `--A. wightianaS03
`--+--Bashania Keng & Yi 1982K15
|--Fargesia Franchet 1893 [incl. Borinda Stapleton 1994, Sinarundinaria Nakai 1935]K15
|--Himalayacalamus Keng 1983K15
|--Oligostachyum Wang & Ye 1982 [incl. Clavinodum Wen 1984]K15
|--× Semiarundinaria [Phyllostachys × Pleioblastus; incl. Brachystachyum]K15
|--Sarocalamus Stapleton 2004K15
|--Sinobambusa Makino ex Nakai 1925K15
|--Acidosasa Chu & Chao ex Keng 1982 [incl. Metasasa Lin 1988]K15
| `--A. purpureaK15
|--Ampelocalamus Chen, Wen & Sheng 1981K15
| `--A. calcareusK15
|--Chimonobambusa Makino 1914 [incl. Menstruocalamus Yi 1992, Oreocalamus Keng 1940, Qiongzhuea Xue & Yi 1980]K15
| `--C. quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino 1914 (see below for synonymy)KS07
|--Drepanostachyum Keng 1983K15
| `--D. intermediumD07
|--Pleioblastus [incl. Nipponocalamus Nakai 1942, Polyanthus Hu 1991]K15
| `--P. chinoTM96
|--Yushania Keng 1957 [incl. Burmabambus Keng 1982, Butania Keng 1982, Monospatha Lin 1994]K15
| |--*Y. niitakayamensisK15
| `--Y. ambositrensisK15
`--Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. 1843 (nom. cons.)K15
|--P. bambusoidesE24
|--P. edulisK15
|--P. heterocyclaK15
|--P. nidulariaK15
|--P. pubescensS00
`--P. quinoiB54
Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino 1914 [=Bambusa quadrangularis Franceschi 1880, Arundinaria quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino 1895, Tetragonocalamus quadrangularis (Franceschi) Nakai 1933]KS07
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[GKO96] Gotoh, T., T. Kamoto & H. Oku. 1996. Termination of embryonic diapause by physical and chemical stimuli in the spider mite Panonychus bambusicola Ghora and Gotoh (Tetranychidae). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 667–669. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).
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[TM96] Tsunoda, T., & K. Mori. 1996. Seasonal activity of a few sympatric ticks (Ixodidae) on plants. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 37–41. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).
[T03] Tsurusaki, N. 2003. Phenology and biology of harvestmen in and near Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, with some taxonomical notes on Nelima suzukii n. sp. and allies (Arachnida: Opiliones). Acta Arachnologica 52: 5–24.
[WW04] Wallace, S. C., & X. Wang. 2004. Two new carnivores from an unusual late Tertiary forest biota in eastern North America. Nature 431: 556–559.