Belongs within: Platytrochozoa.
Contains: Plumatella, Stenolaemata, Cheilostomata, Stoloniferina, Carnosa, Arachnidiidae, Victorellidae, Vesiculariidae.
The Bryozoa, sometimes known as moss animals or lace animals, are aquatic (mostly marine) minute colonial animals with the mouth surrounded by a ring of tentacles (the lophophore) and a U-shaped gut with the anus situated outside the lophophore. The lophophore can be retrated within the tentacle sheath. A single nerve ganglion is present within the coelom, but no vascular, respiratory or excretory system (Prothero 1998).
Bryozoan colonies are calcified in the Cheilostomata and Stenolaemata, giving these groups an extensive fossil record. While individual zooecia (zooid body walls) may grow continually in Stenolaemata, the Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata have zooecia that grow to a fixed size and colony growth is by the addition of zooecia (Prothero 1998). The Ctenostomata are an assemblage of bryozoans in which the walls of the colony are uncalcified, either membranous or gelatinous.
The freshwater Phylactolaemata also lack a calcified exoskeleton and differ from other bryozoans in the lack of functional differentiation between zooids within a colony. The tentacles are arranged in a horseshoe shape around the mouth, which is protected by an overhanging lip (Bassler 1953).
<==Bryozoa [Ectoprocta]
|--Phylactolaemata [Lophopoda]TE04
| | i. s.: Alcyonella flabellumH04
| | Hyallinella Jullien 1885B53
| | `--H. indica [=Australella indica]W76
| | Varunella Wiebach 1974W76
| | |--*V. punctata [=Plumatella punctata, Hyalinella punctata]W76
| | |--V. africana [=Hyalinella africana]W76
| | |--V. coroniferaW76
| | |--V. gemmata Wiebach 1976W76
| | `--V. indoranaW76
| | Pectinatella Leidy 1852b53
| | `--P. magnificaVD-VW14
| | Australella Annandale 1910B53
| | Lophopodella Rousselet 1904B53
| | `--L. carteriR79
| |--Lophopus Dumortier 1835B53 [LophopodidaeR79]
| | `--L. cristallinusR79
| |--Fredericella Allman 1884B53 [FredericellidaeT93]
| | `--F. sultanaKA01
| |--PlumatellidaeB53
| | |--Plumatellites proliferus Fric 1901B53
| | `--PlumatellaW76
| `--Cristatella Cuvier 1798B53 [CristatellidaeT93]
| |--C. mucedo Cuvier 1798T93
| `--C. vagansG20
`--Gymnolaemata [Cheiloctenostomata]B53
|--StenolaemataTVW10
`--+--CheilostomataTVW10
`--Ctenostomata [Ctenostomida]TVW10
| i. s.: Metalcyonidium gautieriR79
| Pseudalcyonidium bobinaeR79
| Monobryozoon Remane 1936 [Monobryozoontidae]H86
| |--M. ambulans Remane 1936H86
| |--M. bulbosum Ott 1972H86
| `--M. limicolaR79
| Orbignyopora [Orbignyoporidae]T93
| |--O. archiaci (Fischer 1866)T93
| |--O. capillaris (Dollfus 1877)T93
| `--O. devonica (Richards 1974)BM05
| BenedeniporidaeT93
| PherusellidaeT93
| HaywardozoontidaeT93
| PanolicellidaeT93
| SundanellidaeT93
| Aethozoon [Aethozoontidae]CGH98
| `--A. pellucidum Hayward 1978CGH98
| Pachyzoon [Pachyzoontidae]CGH98
| `--P. atlanticum d’Hondt 1983CGH98
| BathyalozoontidaeT93
| FarellidaeT93
| AeverrilliidaeT93
| Harmeriella Borg 1940H75 [HarmeriellidaeT93]
| Voigtella [Voigtellidae]T93
| |--V. regalis Pohowsky 1978T93
| |--V. secunda Pohowsky 1978T93
| `--V. timorensis (Bassler 1929)T93
| Cookobryozoon [Cookobryozoonidae]T93
| `--C. lagaaji Pohowsky 1978T93
|--StoloniferaHa15
|--CarnosaHa15
|--Paludicellea [Paludicellina]Ha15
| |--ArachnidiidaeHa15
| `--VictorellidaeB53
`--VesicularinaB53
|--VesiculariidaeHa15
`--Hislopia Carter 1858B53 [HislopiidaeT93]
`--H. placoidesB50
Bryozoa incertae sedis:
StolellaOC02
ParvohalloporaEB03
Uscia mexicanaC79
Pentapora foliaceaR79 [=Lepralia foliaceaK92]
Forella repensB79
Casteropora vetusta Oehlert 1888BM05
Kazakhstanella Nekhoroshev 1956PP05
‘Lagena’ acutaF71
Stolonicella schindewolfiM79
Taeniocellaria setiferaM79
Costazzia caminataPP64
Triticellopsis tissieriPP64
CryptozoonHe15
|--C. contretumHe15
`--C. wilsoniHe15
InturiaJB12
Eliasospora stellatumMB12
Vincularia porinaF91
Calamotrypa millichopensisO69
Acerviclausa Gabb-H. 1860 (n. d.)B53
Angularia Busk 1881 (n. d.)B53
Aprutinopora Parona 1909 (n. d.)B53
Archaeopora Eichw. 1860 (n. d.)B53
Bauneia Peterhans 1927 (n. d.)B53
Buccula Eichw. 1860 (n. d.)B53
‘Buskia’ Reuss 1864 (n. d.) non Alder 1857B53
‘Buskia’ T. Woods 1877 (n. d.) nec Alder 1857 nec Reuss 1864B53
Cambroporella Korda 1950 (n. d.)B53
Ceidmonea Pergens 1892 (n. d.)B53
‘Celleporina’ d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.) non Gray 1848B53
Cellularia Pallas 1766 (n. d.)B53
Cumulipora Münster 1835 (n. d.)B53
Cupularia Blainv. 1830 (n. d.)B53
Cycleschara Roemer 1863 (n. d.)B53
Diaphragmopora McFarlan 1926 (n. d.)B53
Disteichia Sharpe 1853 (n. d.)B53
Ennallipora Gabb-H. 1862 (n. d.)B53
‘Escharella’ d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.) non Gray 1848B53
Escharellina d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Escharinella d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Escharopsia Gregorio 1882 (n. d.)B53
Escharopsis Verrill 1879 (n. d.)B53
Filiflustrina d’Orb. 1853 (n. d.)B53
Flabellaria Gray 1848 (n. d.) nec Cav. 1790 (ICBN) nec Pers. 1818 (ICBN)B53
‘Flabellina’ Gregorio 1930 (n. d.) nec Gray in Griffiths & Pidgeon 1833 nec d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 nec Lev. 1902B53
‘Flustrella’ d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.) nec Ehrenberg 1839 nec Gray 1848B53
‘Flustrina’ d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.) non van Beneden 1850B53
Herentia Gray 1848 (n. d.)B53
Heterotrypella Vinassa 1921 (n. d.)B53
Holopora Počta 1902 (n. d.)B53
Latereschara d’Orb. 1853 (n. d.)B53
Mesosecos Faura Sans & Canu 1916 (n. d.)B53
Microstoma Gray 1848 (n. d.)B53
Millestroma Gregory 1898 (n. d.)B53
Monopora Canu 1910 (n. d.)B53
‘Monotrypella’ Vinassa 1911 (n. d.) non Ulr. 1882B53
Multescharellina d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Multescharinella d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Multiporina d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Palaeoflustra Jullien 1896 (n. d.)B53
Patinella Gray 1848 (n. d.)B53
Petalotrypella Vinassa 1920 (n. d.)B53
Poikilia Jullien 1903 (n. d.)B53
Polyeschara Reuss 1867 (n. d.)B53
Porellina d’Orb. 1851 (n. d.)B53
Pseudostromatopora Simioniscu 1927 (n. d.)B53
Pumiscaria Gabb-H. 1862 (n. d.)B53
Reptescharellina d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Reptoflustra d’Orb. 1851 (n. d.)B53
Reptoflustrella d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Reptolatereschara d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
Reptonodicrescis d’Orb. 1854 (n. d.)B53
Semiflustrina d’Orb. 1853 (n. d.)B53
Semiporina d’Orb. 1852 (n. d.)B53
‘Siphonella’ Hag. 1850 (n. d.) non Macquart 1835B53
Sphaerostyomella Yabe & Sugiyama 1935 (n. d.)B53
Spirella Hag. 1851 (n. d.)B53
Sulcopora d’Orb. 1849 (n. d.)B53
‘Trochopora’ Kettner 1913 (n. d.) non d’Orb. 1849B53
Tuberculopora Ringueberg 1886 (n. d.)B53
Vaginopora Defrance 1828 (n. d.)B53
Vincularina d’Orb. 1851 (n. d.)B53
Trace fossil: Harmeriella cretacea Voigt 1957H75
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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