Belongs within: Columbidae.
Columba is a cosmopolitan genus of medium-sized to large pigeons with a slightly rounded tail that is much shorter than the wings, and feathers with broad and rounded or nearly truncated tips. The native range of the genus covers Eurasia and Africa, with New World species previously included in Columba now recognised as a distinct genus Patagioenas. The domestic pigeon or rock dove Columba livia has become distributed worldwide in association with humans, being particularly abundant in urban ares. The stock dove C. oenas is a European species that closely resembles the rock dove but has a grey rump and incomplete bars on the wing, in contrast to the rock dove’s white rump and well-marked wing bars.
<==Columba Linnaeus 1758CC10 [incl. Palumbus Kaup 1829B94, Verrulia Flemming 1822 (nom. inv.)B94; Verruliinae]
|--C. junoniaeBKB15
`--+--C. arquatrixBKB15
| |--C. a. arquatrixT62
| `--C. a. sjoestedtiT62
`--+--+--C. pulchricollisBKB15
| `--C. vitiensisBKB15
| |--C. v. vitiensisM03
| `--C. v. godmanaeM03
`--+--+--C. bolliiBKB15 [=C. trocaz bolliiT62]
| `--C. palumbus Linnaeus 1758BKB15, M02
| |--C. p. palumbusT62
| |--C. p. azoricaT62
| |--C. p. excelsaT62
| |--C. p. iranicaT62
| |--C. p. kirmanicaT62
| |--C. p. kleinschmidtiT62
| `--C. p. maderensisT62
`--+--C. guineaBKB15
| |--C. g. guineaT62
| |--C. g. bradfieldiT62
| |--C. g. dilloniT62
| |--C. g. phaeonotusT62
| `--C. g. uhehensisT62
`--+--*C. oenas Linnaeus 1758CC10, BKB15, M02
| |--C. o. oenasT62
| |--C. o. hyrcanaT62
| |--C. o. tianshanicaT62
| `--C. o. yarkandensisT62
`--+--C. livia Gmelin 1789BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| |--C. l. liviaT62
| |--C. l. domestica (Gmelin 1789)T62, HRS06
| |--C. l. neglectaT62
| `--C. l. rusticaT62
`--C. rupestrisBKB15
|--C. r. rupestrisT62
`--C. r. turkestanicaT62
Columba incertae sedis:
C. albinuchaJT12
C. albitorques Rüppell 1837S05
C. argentinaJT12
C. asiatica Linnaeus 1758L58
C. aurita Temminck 1811 [=Turtur auritus]CC10
C. bolivianaB41
C. caribaeaRN72
C. carolinensisJ23
C. cayennensisZJM03
|--C. c. cayennensisE52
`--C. c. pallidicrissaE52 [=C. rufina pallidicrissaS18]
C. chlorophaea Hartlaub in Dohrn 1866D66
C. corensisRN72
C. cucullata Linnaeus 1758L58
C. cyanocephala Linnaeus 1758L58
C. delegorgueiJT12
C. duboisiFP64
C. elphinstoniiJT12 [=Palumbus elphinstoneiB66]
C. eversmanniJT12
C. fasciataT62
|--C. f. fasciataT62
|--C. f. letonaiT62
|--C. f. parvaT62
`--C. f. vioscaeT62
C. fitzroyiF43
C. gutturosa Linnaeus 1758L58
C. hispanica Linnaeus 1758L58
C. hispida Linnaeus 1758L58
C. hodgsoniiJT12
C. hypoenochroaS13
|--C. h. hypoenochroaS13
`--C. h. uveaensis Sarasin 1913S13
C. inornataSWK87
|--C. i. inornataSWK87
`--C. i. wetmoreiSWK87
C. intermediaD59
C. iriditorquesJT12
C. janthina Temminck 1830I92
|--C. j. janthinaI92
|--C. j. nitens (Stejneger 1887)I92
`--C. j. stejnegeri (Kuroda 1923)I92
C. jouyi (Stejneger 1887)I92
C. leucocephala Linnaeus 1758L58
C. leucomelaJT12
C. leuconotaJT12
|--C. l. leuconotaT62
`--C. l. gradariaT62
C. leucoptera Linnaeus 1758L58
C. macroura Linnaeus 1758L58
C. maculosaRN72
C. malherbiiJT12
C. melitensis Lydekker 1891M02
C. migratoria [incl. C. canadensis]J23
C. montana Linnaeus 1758L58
C. nicobarica Linnaeus 1758L58
C. nigrirostrisS18
C. oliviaeJT12
C. pallidicepsJT12
C. palumboidesJT12
C. passerina Linnaeus 1758L58
C. picazuroT62
|--C. p. picazuroT62
`--C. p. marginalisT62
C. pisana (Portis 1889) [=Falco pisanus; incl. C. omnisanctorum Ballmann 1976]M02
C. plumbeaCP99
C. polleniiJT12
C. puniceaJT12
C. rufina [=Chloroenas rufina]SS66
C. semitorquata Rüppell 1837S05
C. sinica Linnaeus 1758L58
C. sjostedtiJT12
C. speciosaZJM03
C. squamosaT62
C. subvinaceaS18
C. tabellaria Linnaeus 1758L58
C. thomensisJT12
C. torringtoniaeJT12
C. tremula Linnaeus 1758L58
C. trocazJT12
C. turbita Linnaeus 1758L58
C. unicinctaJT12
C. versicolor Kittlitz 1832I92
C. vinacea [=Chloroenas vinacea]SS66
Inorganic: Columba janthina minilorientalis Okamura 1987O87
Columba livia Gmelin 1789BKB15, CC10 [=C. domestica liviaCC10; incl. C. livia lazaretensis Mourer-Chauviré 1975M02, C. livia minuta Mourer-Chauviré 1975 nec C. minuta Linnaeus 1758 nec Temminck 1838-1843M02, C. livia occitana Mourer-Chauviré 1975M02]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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