Eusauropterygia

Belongs within: Sauropterygia.
Contains: Plesiosauroidea, Pliosauroidea.

The Eusauropterygia are a clade of Mesozoic marine reptiles uniting the Plesiosauria with the Triassic nothosaurs.

Synapomorphies (from The Plesiosaur Directory): Jaws and mandibular symphysis elongate (skull large); rostral dentition strongly procumbent with paired maxillary fangs; five premaxillary teeth present; orbit small relative to skull length; skull dorsoventrally depressed; upper temporal fenestrae relatively large; complex dual jaw adductor system present; scapular proportionately small; five or six sacral vertebrae present.

<==EusauropterygiaH02
    |--PistosauriaH02
    |    |  i. s.: Bobosaurus Dalla Vecchia 2006DV06
    |    |           `--*B. forojuliensis Dalla Vecchia 2006DV06
    |    |--CymatosauridaeH02
    |    |    |--Tanaisosaurus Sennikov 2001H02
    |    |    |    `--T. kalandadzei Sennikov 2001H02
    |    |    `--CymatosaurusH02
    |    |         |--C. fridericianus Fritsch 1894H02
    |    |         |--C. latifrons (Gürich 1884) [inc. C. gracilis Schrammen 1899, C. silesiacus]H02
    |    |         `--C. minorH02
    |    `--+--PistosauridaeH02
    |       |    |--Augustasaurus hagdorni Sander, Rieppel & Bucher 1997DV06
    |       |    `--Pistosaurus Mayer 1839D07
    |       |         `--P. longaevus Meyer 1839DV06
    |       `--PlesiosauriaH02
    |            |  i. s.: Bishanopliosaurus youngiCWJ04
    |            |         Terminonatator Sato 2003D07
    |            |           `--T. ponteixensisD07
    |            |         Libonectes morgani (Welles 1949)DV06
    |            |         Mauriciosaurus fernandeziVF21
    |            |         Leptocleidus clemaiCFL99
    |            |--PlesiosauroideaCF02
    |            `--PliosauroideaD07
    `--NothosauroideaH02
         |--Simosaurus [Simosauria, Simosauridae]H02
         |    |--S. gillardoti v. Meyer 1842DV06
         |    `--S. guilelmi Meyer 1855B93
         `--NothosauriaH02
              |--Corosaurus Case 1936 [Corosauridae]D07
              |    `--C. alcovensis Case 1936DV06
              |--Germanosaurus [Germanosauridae]H02
              |    |--G. latissimusH02
              |    `--G. schafferiH02
              `--NothosauridaeD07
                   |--Kwangsisaurus orientalis Young 1959B93
                   |--Ceresiosaurus Peyer 1931D07
                   |    |--C. calcagnii (Peyer 1931)D07, H02 [=Lariosaurus calcagniiH02]
                   |    `--C. russelliD07
                   |--Lariosaurus Curioni 1847D07 [incl. SilvestrosaurusH02]
                   |    |--L. balsami Curioni 1847H02
                   |    |--L. buzzii Tschanz 1989H02
                   |    |--L. curionii Rieppel 1998H02
                   |    |--L. stensioeiH02
                   |    |--L. valceresii Tintori & Renesto 1990H02
                   |    `--L. xingyiensis Li, Liu & Rieppel 2002H02
                   `--Nothosaurus Münster 1834D07
                        |--N. edingerae Schultze 1970DV06
                        |--N. giganteus Münster 1834 [incl. Paranothosaurus amsleri Peyer 1939]DV06
                        |--N. haasi Rieppel, Mazin & Tchernov 1997DV06
                        |--N. jagisteus Rieppel 2001H02
                        |--N. juvenilisH02
                        |--N. marchiusH02
                        |--N. mirabilis Münster 1834B93
                        |--N. procerusD07
                        `--N. tchernovi Haas 1980DV06
Inorganic: Ceresiosaurus calcagnii minilorientalus Okamura 1987O87

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B93] Benton, M. J. 1993. Reptilia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 681–715. Chapman & Hall: London.

[CWJ04] Cheng, Y.-N., X.-C. Wu & Q. Ji. 2004. Triassic marine reptiles gave birth to live young. Nature 432: 383–386.

[CF02] Cruickshank, A. R. I., & R. E. Fordyce. 2002. A new marine reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further evidence for a Late Cretaceous austral radiation of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs. Palaeontology 45 (3): 557–575.

[CFL99] Cruickshank, A. R. I., R. E. Fordyce & J. A. Long. 1999. Recent developments in Australasian sauropterygian palaeontology (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 57: 201–205.

[DV06] Dalla Vecchia, F. M. 2006. A new sauropterygian reptile with plesiosaurian affinity from the Late Triassic of Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 112 (2): 207–225.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[H02] Haubold, H. 2002. Literaturbericht: Ichthyosaurier und Sauropterygier. Zbl. Geol. Paläont. Teil II 5-6: 367–403.

[O87] Okamura, C. 1987. New facts: Homo and all Vertebrata were born simultaneously in the former Paleozoic in Japan. Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory 15: 347–573.

[VF21] Vullo, R., E. Frey, C. Ifrim, M. A. González González, E. S. Stinnesbeck & W. Stinnesbeck. 2021. Manta-like planktivorous sharks in Late Cretaceous oceans. Science 371: 1253–1256.