Belongs within: Atherinomorpha.
Contains: Belonidae, Exocoetidae.
The Exocoetoidei are a group of fishes in which the lower jaw is elongate for at least part of the life history. Members of the suborder also possess a plate-like process on the posterioventral part of the basioccipital, one nasal opening on each side of the head, a median lower pharyngeal tooth plate, and more than three anterior branchiostegals (Bond 1996).
Exocoetoidei
|--+--Dermogenys colletteiND13
| `--+--Xenentodon cancilaND13
| `--ScomberesocoideiM58
| |--BelonidaeND13
| `--ScomberesocidaeC02a
| |--Cololabis sairaB96
| |--Cobitopsis acutusR13
| |--Chriodorus atherinoidesR13
| `--ScomberesoxND13
| |--S. edwardsi Jordan & Gilbert 1919P93
| |--S. licatae Sauvage 1880P93
| `--S. saurus (Walbaum 1792)C02a
`--+--ExocoetidaeND13
`--HemiramphidaeG75
|--Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1846)M58 (see below for synonymy)
|--Labidorhamphus caudovittatus (Weber 1908) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) caudovittatus]M58
|--Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther 1866MM14
| |--A. s. sclerolepisG75
| `--A. s. krefftiG75
|--EuleptorhamphusC02b
| |--E. longirostris (Cuvier 1829) [=Hemirhamphus longirostris]M58
| |--E. veloxC02b
| `--E. viridisG75
|--HyporhamphusC02b
| |--H. affinis (Günther 1866)MM14
| |--H. australis [=Hemirhamphus australis]G75
| |--H. erythrorhinchus (Lesueur 1821)M58 (see below for synonymy)
| |--H. gaimardi (Valenciennes 1846) [=Hemirhamphus gaimardi]M58
| |--H. intermediusT90
| |--H. meeki Banford & Collette 1993C02b
| |--H. melanochirG75
| |--H. neglectissimus Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev 1980MM14
| |--H. regularisG75
| | |--H. r. regularisG75
| | `--H. r. ardelioG75
| |--H. sajori (Temminck & Schlegel 1846)PC01 [=Hemiramphus sajoriMK00]
| `--H. unifasciatus (Ranzani 1842) [=Hemirhamphus unifasciatus]M58
`--HemirhamphusM58
|--H. balinensis Bleeker 1858-1859M58
|--H. brasiliensis [incl. H. pleii Günther 1866]F16
|--H. commersonii Cuvier 1829 [incl. H. far Weber 1913, H. moar Thiollière 1857]M58
|--H. cotnog Smith 1902JR10
|--H. edwardsi Bassani 1876P93
|--H. limbatusJR10
|--H. lutkei Valenciennes 1847MM14
|--H. marginatusJR10
|--H. melanurus Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846M58
|--H. neglectusJR10
|--H. ovalis Stinton 1978P93
|--H. quoyi Valenciennes 1846M58 [=Hyporhamphus quoyiG75; incl. Reporhamphus caudalisG75]
`--H. robustus Günther 1866MM14
Exocoetoidei incertae sedis:
ZenarchopterusM58 [ZenarchopteridaeB-RB13]
|--Z. brevirostris (Günther 1866) [=Hemirhamphus brevirostris]M58
|--Z. buffonis (Valenciennes 1846) [=Hemiramphus buffonis]M58
|--Z. dispar (Valenciennes 1846) [=Hemirhamphus dispar]M58
|--Z. dunckeri Mohr 1926M58
|--Z. gilli Smith 1945MM14
|--Z. kampeni (Weber 1913) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) kampeni]M58
|--Z. novaeguineae (Weber 1913) [=Hemiramphus (Zenarchopterus) novaeguineae]M58
|--Z. philippinus (Peters 1868) [=Hemirhamphus (Zenarchopterus) philippinus]JR10
`--Z. sepikensis Herre 1935M58
Inorganic: Hemiramphus sajori minilorientalus Okamura 1987O87
Hyporhamphus erythrorhinchus (Lesueur 1821)M58 [=Hemirhamphus erythrorhinchusM58; incl. He. dussumieri Herre 1931M58, Hyporhamphus dussumieriG75]
Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes 1846)M58 [=Hemirhamphus georgiiM58; incl. Hemiramphus cantori Macleay 1883M58, Loligorhamphus normaniG75]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B-RB13] Betancur-R., R., R. E. Broughton, E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, II, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, D. J. Hough, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia & G. Ortí. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life April 18 2013. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[C02a] Collette, B. B. 2002a. Sauries. Family Scomberesocidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 285–287. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[C02b] Collette, B. B. 2002b. Halfbeaks. Family Hemiramphidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 289–291. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[F16] Fowler, H. W. 1916. The fishes of Trinidad, Grenada, and St. Lucia, British West Indies. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (3): 520–548.
[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).
[JR10] Jordan, D. S., & R. E. Richardson. 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine archipelago. Bureau of Printing: Manila.
[MK00] Machida, M., & T. Kuramochi. 2000. Digenean trematodes from halfbeaks and needlefishes of Japan and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the Natural Science Museum Series A (Zoology) 26: 203–218.
[MM14] Moore, G. I., S. M. Morrison, J. B. Hutchins, G. R. Allen & A. Sampey. 2014. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: fishes. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 161–206.
[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: A check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted: 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin 1).
[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.
[O87] Okamura, C. 1987. New facts: Homo and all Vertebrata were born simultaneously in the former Paleozoic in Japan. Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory 15: 347–573.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[PC01] Pichelin, S., & T. H. Cribb. 2001. The status of the Diplosentidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) and a new family of acanthocephalans from Australian wrasses (Pisces: Labridae). Folia Parasitologica 48: 289–303.
[R13] Regan, C. T. 1913. The classification of the percoid fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 12: 111–145.
[T90] Taguchi, S. 1990. Nihon no Sakana. Kogakukan: Tokyo.