Belongs within: Fucophycidae.
Contains: Fucaceae, Cystophora, Sargassum, Cystoseira.
The Fucales are a clade of parenchymatous brown algae mostly having only a diploid stage in the life cycle.
Characters (Adl et al. 2012): Sporophyte parenchymatous, with apical cell growth; several scattered discoid plastids without pyrenoid; diploid life stage only with meiosis producing gametes; (mostly) oogamous sexual reproduction.
Fucales [Durvillaeales, Notheiales]
|--+--Durvillaea Bory de Saint-Vincent 1826 [Durvillaeaceae]SRR14
| | |--D. antarctica (von Chamisso) Hariot. 1892L27 [=Fucus antarcticus Chamisso in Choris 1822AH76]
| | |--D. potatorumSRR14
| | `--D. utilis [incl. Laminaria porraidea]BS-V28
| `--+--FucaceaeSRR14
| `--Himanthalia Lyngbye 1819 [Himanthaliaceae]SRR14
| |--H. durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828BS-V28
| |--H. elongataSRR14
| |--H. loreaG64 [=Fucus loreusBS-V28]
| `--‘Fucus’ rugosusBS-V28
`--Sargassaceae [Cystoseiraceae]SRR14
| i. s.: Turbinaria Lamouroux 1825HL09
| |--T. conoides (Agardh) Kützing 1860HS14
| |--T. decurrens Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828BS-V28
| |--T. denudata Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828 [incl. T. havanensis, Fucus turbinatus, Sargassum turbinatum]BS-V28
| |--T. gracilis Sonder 1845HS14
| `--T. ornata (Turner) Agardh 1848 [=Fucus turbinatus var. ornata Turner 1807-1808]HL09
| Acrocarpia Areschoug 1854SRR14
| |--A. paniculataSC98
| `--A. robustaG05
| Anthophycus Kützing 1849SRR14
| Axillariella Silva 1959SRR14
| Brassicophycus Draisma, Ballesteros et al. 2010SRR14
| `--*B. brassicaeformis [=Bifurcaria brassicaeformis]SRR14
| Carpoglossum Kützing 1843SRR14
| Carpophyllum Greville 1830SRR14
| |--C. elongatum (Dickie) Gepp. & Gepp. 1911 [incl. C. angustifolium]L27
| |--C. flexuosumHS01 [=Fucus flexuosusBS-V28]
| |--C. macrophyllum Montagne 1845L27
| |--C. maschalocarpum (Turner) Greville 1830 [=Fucus maschalocarpus]L27
| |--C. phyllanthus (Turner) Hooker & Harvey 1855L27 [=Fucus phyllanthusL27, Sargassum phyllanthumBS-V28]
| `--C. plumosum (Richard) Agardh 1877 [=Sargassum plumosum]L27
| Caulocystis Areschoug 1854SRR14
| `--C. uviferaG05
| Cladophyllum Bula-Meyer 1980SRR14
| Coccophora Greville 1830SRR14
| `--C. langsdorfiiC-SC06
| CystophoraSRR14
| Halidrys Lyngbye 1819 (nom. cons.)SRR14
| |--H. dioica Gardner 1913AH76
| `--H. siliquosusG64
| Hormophysa Kützing 1843SRR14
| `--H. cuneiformis (Gmelin) Silva 1987HS14
| Landsburgia Harvey in Hooker 1855SRR14
| `--L. quercifoliaL49
| Myagropsis Kützing 1843SRR14
| `--M. myagroides [incl. Cystophyllum sisymbroides]SRR14
| Myriodesma Decaisne 1841SRR14
| |--M. harveyanumG05
| `--M. quercifolia Bory 1829L27
| Nizamuddinia Silva in Silva, Basson & Moe 1996SRR14
| Oerstedtia Trevisan 1848SRR14
| Phyllotricha Areschoug 1854SRR14
| Platythalia Sonder 1845SRR14
| `--P. angustifoliaHK90
| Polycladia Montagne in Orbigny 1847 (see below for synonymy)SRR14
| |--P. heinii [=*Acystis heinii]SRR14
| |--P. indica [=*Stokeyia indica, Cystoseira indica]SRR14
| `--P. myrica [=Cystoseira myrica]SRR14
| Sargassopsis Trevisan 1843SRR14
| `--*S. decurrens (Brown ex Turner) Trevisan 1843SRR14, HS14 [=Sargassum decurrensSRR14]
| Scaberia Greville 1830SRR14
| `--S. agardhii Greville 1830L27
| Sirophysalis Kützing 1843SRR14
| `--S. trinodis (Forsskål) Kützing 1849HS14 [=Cystoseira trinodisSRR14]
| Stephanocystis Trevisan 1843SRR14
| Stolonophora Nizamuddin 1969SRR14
|--SargassumSRR14
`--+--CystoseiraSRR14
`--Bifurcaria Stackhouse 1809SRR14
|--B. bifurcataSRR14
`--B. rotundaPP64
Fucales incertae sedis:
Bifurcariopsis Papenfuss 1940 [Bifurcariopsidaceae]SRR14
Hormosira (Endlicher) Meneghini 1838 (nom. cons.) [Hormosiraceae]SRR14
`--H. banksii (Turner) Decaisne. 1842 [=Fucus banksii Turner 1808]L27
Notheia Harvey & Bailey 1851 [Notheiaceae]SRR14
`--N. anomala Bailey & Harvey 1862L27
SeirococcaceaeSRR14
|--Cystosphaera Skottsberg 1907SRR14
|--Marginariella Tandy 1936SRR14
|--Seirococcus Greville 1830SRR14
|--Phyllospora Agardh 1839SRR14
| `--P. comonaL27
`--Scytothalia Greville 1830SRR14
`--S. dorycarpaG05
Xiphophora Montagne 1842 [Xiphophoraceae]SRR14
|--X. chondrophylla (Brown) Montagne 1842 [=Fucodium chondrophyllum]L27
`--X. gladiata (Brown) Montagne 1842 [=Fucodium gladiatum]L27
Polycladia Montagne in Orbigny 1847 [incl. Acystis Schiffner 1934 non Labbé 1894 (ICZN), Stokeyia Thivy & Doshi 1966]SRR14
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AH76] Abbott, I. A., & G. J. Hollenberg. 1976. Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press.
Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429-493.
[BS-V28] Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. 1828. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Botanique. Cryptogamie. Arthus Bertrand: Paris.
[C-SC06] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E.-Y. Chao. 2006. Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420.
[G05] Goldberg, N. A. 2005. Temporal variation in subtidal macroalgal assemblages at Black Island, Recherche Archipelago. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (2): 65–71.
[G64] Gray, J. E. 1864. Handbook of British Water-weeds or Algae. R. Hardwicke: London.
[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.
[HK90] Huisman, J. M., G. A. Kendrick, D. I. Walker & A. Couté. 1990. The marine algae of Shark Bay, Western Australia. In: Berry, P. F., S. D. Bradshaw & B. R. Wilson (eds) Research in Shark Bay: Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee pp. 89–100. Western Australian Museum.
[HL09] Huisman, J. M., F. Leliaert, H. Veerbruggen & R. A. Townsend. 2009. Marine benthic plants of Western Australia’s shelf-edge atolls. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 50–87.
[HS14] Huisman, J. M., & A. Sampey. 2014. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: marine plants. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 45–67.
[L27] Laing, R. M. 1927. A reference list of New Zealand marine algae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 126–185.
[L49] Lindauer, V. W. 1949. Additions to the marine algae of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 390–393.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[SC98] Schoenwaelder, M. E. A., & M. N. Clayton. 1998. Secretion of phenolic substances into the zygote wall and cell plate in embryos of Hormosira and Acrocarpia (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 34: 969–980.
[SRR14] Silberfeld, T., F. Rousseau & B. de Reviers. 2014. An updated classification of brown algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae). Cryptogamie, Algologie 35 (2): 117–156.