Belongs within: Hypocreales.
The Hypocreaceae are a group of fungi with stroma ranging from 1 mmm to 5 cm or more in diameter, commonly found growing on bark, wood, or on the fruiting bodies of macrofungi. The majority of species are assigned to the genera Hypocrea, which has ascospores disarticulating while still in the ascus, and Hypomyces, with non-articulating ascospores (Rossman et al 1999).
Characters (Rossman et al. 1999): Stroma generally discrete or effuse, often light- to bright-coloured in shades of white, pale yellow, orange or red, rarely black. Ascomata generally immersed in stroma; if superfical then on thin, compact stroma on gill-less basidiocarps; rarely subiculum absent with a Gliocadium anamorph; anamorphs otherwise generally phialidic. Ascospores generally disarticulating, rarely transversely striate, if non-disarticulating then ascal apex often thickened and ascomata immmersed in thin to cottony subiculum on basidiocarp.
<==Hypocreaceae
|--Sphaerostilbella (Henn.) Saccardo & Saccardo 1905HM17, RS99 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*S. lutea (Henn.) Saccardo & Saccardo 1905 (see below for synonymy)RS99
| |--‘Gliocladium’ albumNN95
| |--S. aureonitens (Tulasne & Tulasne) Seifert, Samuels & Gams 1985 (see below for synonymy)RS99
| |--S. berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cooke) Samuels & Candoussau 1995 (see below for synonymy)RS99
| |--S. novaezelandiae Seifert, Samuels & Gams 1985 [incl. Gliocladium novaezelandiae Seifert, Samuels & Gams 1985]RS99
| |--‘Gliocladium’ roseumKC01 [=Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers et al. 1999KC01, RS99]
| `--‘Gliocladium’ virensKC01
`--+--Arachnocrea Moravec 1956HM17, RS99
| |--*A. stipata (Fuckel) Moravec 1956 (see below for synonymy)RS99
| `--A. scabrida Doi 1972RS99
`--Trichoderma Pers. 1794HM17, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
|--*T. virideRS99, HM17
|--T. harzianum [incl. Hypocrea nigricans]O96
|--T. koningiiZU10
|--T. lignorumC07
|--T. reeseiHH99
|--T. rufaHM17
`--T. virensKC01
Hypocreaceae incertae sedis:
Dialhypocrea Spegazzini 1919RS99
`--*D. puiggariana Spegazzini 1919 (see below for synonymy)RS99
Pseudohypocrea Doi 1972RS99
`--*P. citrinella (Ellis & Everh.) Doi 1972 (see below for synonymy)RS99
Rogersonia Samuels & Lodge 1996RS99
`--*R. striolata Samuels & Lodge 1996RS99
Aphysiostroma Barrasa, Martínez & Moreno 1986RS99
`--*A. stercorarium Barrasa, Martínez & Moreno 1986RS99
Hypocreopsis Karsten 1873 [=Dozya Karsten 1873 non Lacoste 1866]RS99
|--H. lichenoides (Tode) Seaver 1910 (see below for synonymy)RS99
`--H. rhododendriRS99
Sarawakus Lloyd 1924RS99
|--*S. lycogaloides (Berkeley & Broome) Lloyd 1924 (see below for synonymy)RS99
`--S. succisusRS99
Podostroma Karsten 1892 [incl. Podocrea Lindau in Engler & Prantl 1897]RS99
|--P. alutaceum (Persoon: Fries) Atkinson 1905 (see below for synonymy)RS99
|--‘Podocrea’ cornu-damaeRS99
`--‘Podocrea’ solmsiiRS99
Protocrea Petch 1937RS99
|--*P. farinosa (Berkeley & Broome) Petch 1937 [=Hypocrea farinosa Berkeley & Broome 1851]RS99
|--P. delicatula Tulasne & Tulasne 1860RS99
`--P. latissima Mercuri & Ranalli 1976RS99
Hypomyces (Fries) Tulasne 1860RS99 (see below for synonymy)
|--*H. lactifluorum [=Sphaeria lactifluorum]RS99
|--H. armeniacus [incl. Hypocrea apiculata, *Clintoniella apiculata, Hypomyces apiculatus]RS99
|--H. asterophorusH04
|--H. aurantius [=Sphaeria aurantia, *Bonordenia aurantia]RS99
|--H. banningiaeRS99
|--H. chrysospermus [=*Apiocrea chrysosperma]RS99
|--‘Cladobotryum’ dendroidesKC01
|--H. lateritiusRS99
|--H. lithuanicusRS99
|--H. luteovirens [incl. Sphaeria viridis, Hypomyces viridis, *Peckiella viridis]RS99
|--'Mycogone’ perniciosaKC01
|--H. polyporinusRS99
|--H. rosellus [incl. Sphaeria rhodomela, *Chiajaea rhodomela]RS99
|--H. tremellicola [=Hypocreopsis tremellicola, Nectriopsis tremellicola]RS99
`--H. trichothecoidesRS99
Hypocrea Fries 1825 (see below for synonymy)RS99
|--*H. rufa (Persoon: Fries) Fries 1849 [=Sphaeria rufa Persoon 1796: Fries 1822]RS99
|--H. americanaSS09
|--H. aureoviridisRS99 [=Trichoderma aureovirideZB10]
| |--H. a. f. aureoviridisRS99
| `--H. a. f. macrosporaRS99
|--H. avellaneaRS99
|--H. brevipesRS99
|--H. ceramica [=Chromocrea ceramica]RS99
|--H. cerebriformisRS99
|--H. cervinaRS99
|--H. cinereoflavaRS99
|--H. citrinaRS99
|--H. crustalina (Schulzer, Kanitz & Knapp) Saccardo & Traverso 1910 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy)RS99
|--H. gelatinosa [=Sphaeria gelatinosa, *Chromocrea gelatinosa, *Creopus gelatinosus]RS99
|--H. jecorinaS12
|--H. lacteaRS99
|--H. larvataRS99
|--H. luteaJKW03
|--H. pallidaRS99
|--H. petersiiRS99
|--H. poronioideaRS99
|--H. pseudokoningiiRS99
|--H. pulvinata [incl. Protocrea fungicola (Karsten) Vassilyeva 1998]RS99
|--H. schweinitziiRS99
`--H. spinulosa [=Chromocrea spinulosa, Creopus spinulosus]RS99
Polystigmites Massal. 1857T93, KC01
Sporophagomyces Pöldmaa & Samuels 1999KC01
Tilakidium Vaidya, Naik & Rathod 1986KC01
*Arachnocrea stipata (Fuckel) Moravec 1956 [=Hypocrea stipata Fuckel 1871, Protocrea stipata (Fuckel) Petch 1937, Sphaeria stipata Lib. 1837 non Schweinitz 1832; incl. Hypomyces arachnoideus Schroeter in Cohn 1908, Hypocrea papyracea Ellis & Holw. 1886, Arachnocrea papyracea (Ellis & Holw.) Müller 1962, Hypomyces papyraceus (Ellis & Holw.) Seaver 1910]RS99
*Dialhypocrea puiggariana Spegazzini 1919 [=Hypocrea puiggariana (Spegazzini) Müller in Müller & von Arx 1962, Neoskofitzia puiggariana (Spegazzini) Weese 1927]RS99
Hypocrea Fries 1825 [incl. Chromocrea Seaver 1910, Creopus Link 1833, Debarya Schulzer, Kanitz & Knapp 1866 (nom. rej.) non Wittrock 1872]RS99
Hypocrea crustalina (Schulzer, Kanitz & Knapp) Saccardo & Traverso 1910 (n. d.) [=*Debarya crustalina Schulzer, Kanitz & Knapp 1866]RS99
Hypocreopsis lichenoides (Tode) Seaver 1910 [=Acrospermum lichenoides Tode 1790, incl. Stromatocrea cerebriformis Cooke 1952, Hypocrea digitata Ellis & Everh. 1885, Sphaeria parmelioides Montagne 1836, Hypocrea parmelioides (Montagne) Montagne 1856, S. riccioidea Bolton 1791, Dozya riccioidea (Bolton) Karsten 1873, Hypocrea riccioidea (Bolton) Berkeley 1860, *Hypocreopsis riccioidea (Bolton) Karsten 1873]RS99
Hypomyces (Fries) Tulasne 1860RS99 [=Hypocrea subg. Hypomyces Fries 1825RS99; incl. Apiocrea Sydow & Sydow 1921RS99, Arnoldia Gray & Morgan-Jones 1980 nec Cass. 1824 nec Massal. 1856 nec Mayer-Eymar 1887 (ICZN) nec Stolley 1937 (ICZN) nec Hovasse 1956 (ICZN)KC01, Arnoldiomyces Morgan-Jones 1980KC01, Asterothecium Wallr. 1836KC01, Bonordenia Schulzer 1866RS99, Chiajaea von Höhnel 1920RS99, Cladobotryum Nees 1816KC01, Hypocrea subg. Clintoniella Saccardo 1883RS99, Clintoniella (Saccardo) Rehm 1900RS99, Coccosporella Karst. 1893KC01, Didymocladium Sacc. 1886KC01, Diplocladium Bonord. 1851KC01, Leiosepium Sacc. 1900KC01, Mucrosporium Preuss 1851KC01, Mycobanche Pers. 1818KC01, Mycogone Link 1809KC01, Hypomyces subg. Peckiella Saccardo 1883RS99, Peckiella (Saccardo) Saccardo 1891RS99, Sepedonium Link 1809KC01, Sibirina Arnold 1970KC01, Stephanoma Wallr. 1833KC01, Synthetospora Morgan 1892KC01]
Podostroma alutaceum (Persoon: Fries) Atkinson 1905 [=Sphaeria alutacea Persoon 1797: Fries 1822, *Podocrea alutacea (Persoon: Fries) Lindau 1897; incl. *Podostroma leucopus Karsten 1892]RS99
*Pseudohypocrea citrinella (Ellis & Everh.) Doi 1972 [=Hypocrea citrinella Ellis & Everh. 1876, Arachnocrea citrinella (Ellis) Moravec 1956, Hypomyces citrinellus (Ellis) Seaver 1910]RS99
*Sarawakus lycogaloides (Berkeley & Broome) Lloyd 1924 [=Hypoxylon lycogaloides Berkeley & Broome 1873, Penzigia lycogaloides (Berkeley & Broome) Saccardo 1891, Sarcoxylon lycogaloides (Berkeley & Broome) Cooke 1883; incl. Hypocrea rhytidospora Ces. 1879, Clintoniella rhytidospora (Ces.) Saccardo & Sydow 1902]RS99
Sphaerostilbella (Henn.) Saccardo & Saccardo 1905HM17, RS99 [=Sphaerostilbe subg. Sphaerostilbella Henn. 1901RS99; incl. Corymbomyces Appel & Strunk 1904KC01, Gliocladium Corda 1840KC01]
Sphaerostilbella aureonitens (Tulasne & Tulasne) Seifert, Samuels & Gams 1985 [=Hypomyces aureonitens Tulasne & Tulasne 1865, Hyphonectria aureonitens (Tulasne & Tulasne) Petch 1937, Hypolyssus aureonitens (Tulasne & Tulasne) Kuntze 1898, Nectriopsis aureonitens (Tulasne & Tulasne) Maire 1911; incl. Hypomyces arenaceus Smith 1901, Nectria mycetophila Peck 1873, Nectriella mycetophila (Peck) Saccardo 1883, Nectria parvispora Winter 1886, Cucurbitaria parvispora (Winter) Kuntze 1898, *Gliocladium penicillioides, Dialonectria sulfurea Ellis & Calk. 1888, C. sulfurea (Ellis & Calk.) Kuntze 1898, Nectria sulfurea (Ellis & Calk.) Saccardo 1891]RS99
Sphaerostilbella berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cooke) Samuels & Candoussau 1995 [=Hypomyces berkeleyanus Plowr. & Cooke 1882, Hyphonectria berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cooke) Petch 1937, Hypolyssus berkeleyanus (Plowr. & Cooke) Kuntze 1898, Nectria berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cooke) Dingley 1951, Nectriopsis berkeleyana (Plowr. & Cooke) Maire 1911]RS99
*Sphaerostilbella lutea (Henn.) Saccardo & Saccardo 1905 [=Sphaerostilbe lutea Henn. 1901; incl. Stilbum aurifilum Gerard 1874, Ciliciopodium aurifilum (Gerard) Cooke 1890, Dendrostilbella aurifila (Gerard) Seifert & MacKinnon 1983, Gliocladium aurifilum (Gerard) Seifert, Samuels & Gams 1985, Stilbum mycetophilum Ahmad 1961, St. zacalloxanthum Moore 1959]RS99
Trichoderma Pers. 1794HM17, KC01 [=Pyreniopsis Kuntze 1898KC01; incl. Pachybasium Sacc. 1885KC01, Pyrenium Tode 1790KC01, Sporoderma Mont. 1856KC01, Tolypomyria Preuss 1852KC01, Verticilliastrum Dasz. 1912KC01]
*Type species of generic name indicated
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