Belongs within: Episquamata.
Contains: Chamaeleonidae, Agamidae, Phrynosomatidae, Iguanidae, Tropiduridae, Corytophanidae, Liolaemidae, Leiosauridae, Anolis.
The Iguania are a clade of lizards typically characterised by the possession of a fleshy tongue. Living iguanians are divided between the Old World Acrodonta and primarily New World Pleurodonta. Acrodonta have teeth fixed to the biting edges of the mandible and maxilla, and not replaced during life, whereas Pleurodonta have teeth resting on the lingual side of the mandible and regularly replaced.
<==Iguania [Iguanoidea]
|--+--Pleurodontagama aenigmatoides Borsuk-Białynicka & Moody 1984SC18
| `--+--Priscagama [Priscagaminae]SC18
| | `--P. gobiensis Borsuk-Białynick & Moody 1984SC18
| `--Acrodonta [Chamaeleonoidea]LG07
| | i. s.: Trioceros jacksoniiSC18
| |--ChamaeleonidaeMH11
| |--AgamidaeMH11
| `--Xianglong Li, Gao et al. 2007LG07
| `--*X. zhaoi Li, Gao et al. 2007LG07
`--Pleurodonta [Tropidurinae]BG20
| i. s.: Afairiguana aviusBG20
| Saichangurvel davidsoniBG20
|--Igua minuta Borsuk-Białynicka & Alifanov 1991SC18
`--+--PhrynosomatidaeSVL03
|--Polrussia mongoliensis Borsuk-Białynicka & Alifanov 1991SC18
`--+--IguanidaeBG20
`--+--+--TropiduridaeBG20
| `--+--+--Crotaphytidae [Crotaphytinae]BG20
| | | |--Gambelia wislizeniiSVL03
| | | `--CrotaphytusMH11 [incl. Holmanisaurus Rossman 1993 (n. n.)SH96]
| | | |--C. collarisMH11
| | | |--C. oligocenicus Holman 1972SH96
| | | |--C. silusUSDI77
| | | `--C. wislizeniiW73
| | | |--C. w. wislizeniiB71
| | | `--C. w. copeiiB71
| | `--+--LeiocephalusSVL03 [LeiocephalidaeBG20]
| | | | i. s.: L. barahonensisBG20
| | | | L. eremitus Cope 1868H81
| | | | L. herminieri Dumeril & Bibron 1837H81
| | | | L. vittatusF15
| | | |--L. carinatusSVL03
| | | `--+--L. personatusSVL03
| | | `--L. schreibersiSVL03
| | `--CorytophanidaeBG20
| `--+--LiolaemidaeBG20
| `--+--PolychrusSVL03 [PolychrotidaeBG20]
| | |--P. acutirostrisSVL03
| | |--P. liogasterDS86
| | |--P. marmoratusDS86
| | `--P. pervianusSVL03
| `--+--Hoplocercidae [Hoplocercinae]BG20
| | |--EnyalioidesSVL03
| | | |--E. cofanorumDS86
| | | `--E. laticepsDS86
| | `--+--Hoplocercus spinosusSVL03
| | `--Morunasaurus annularisSVL03
| `--+--LeiosauridaeBG20
| `--Opluridae [Oplurinae]BG20
| |--Chalarodon madagascarensisSVL03
| `--OplurusSVL03
| |--O. cuvieriSVL03
| |--O. cyclurusBG20
| `--O. sebaeGWN71
`--+--ChamaeleolisGS92
`--+--PhenacosaurusGS92
`--+--ChamaelinoropsGS92
`--AnolisBG20
Iguania incertae sedis:
XiphocercusU57
Amblyrhynchus cristatusVRC01
Euposaurus [Euposauridae]B93
|--E. cerinensis Lortet 1892B93
|--E. lorteti Hoffstetter 1964B93
`--E. thiollierei Lortet 1892B93
Arretosaurus [Arretosauridae]B93
`--A. ornatus Gilmore 1943B93
Aciprion Cope 1873SH96
`--A. formosum Cope 1873 [incl. A. majus Gilmore 1928]SH96
Cypressaurus Holman 1972SH96
`--C. hypsodontus Holman 1972SH96
Paraphrynosoma Sullivan & Holman 1996SH96
`--*P. greeni (Holman 1989) [=Phrynosoma greeni]SH96
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B93] Benton, M. J. 1993. Reptilia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 681–715. Chapman & Hall: London.
[B71] Bostic, D. L. 1971. Herpetofauna of the Pacific coast of north central Baja California, Mexico, with a description of a new subspecies of Phyllodactylus xanti. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 16 (10): 237–264.
[BG20] Burbrink, F. T., F. G. Grazziotin, R. A. Pyron, D. Cundall, S. Donnellan, F. Irish, J. S. Keogh, F. Kraus, R. W. Murphy, B. Noonan, C. J. Raxworthy, S. Ruane, A. R. Lemmon, E. M. Lemmon & H. Zaher. 2020. Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships. Systematic Biology 69 (3): 502–520.
[DS86] Dixon, J. R., & P. Soini. 1986. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. Milwaukee Public Museum: Milwaukee.
[F15] Fowler, H. W. 1915. Cold-blooded vertebrates from Florida, the West Indies, Costa Rica, and eastern Brazil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 244–269.
[GWN71] Gorman, G. C., A. C. Wilson & M. Nakanishi. 1971. A biochemical approach towards the study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 167–185.
[GS92] Guyer, C., & J. M. Savage. 1992. Anole systematics revisited. Systematic Biology 41 (1): 89–110.
[H81] Honegger, R. E. 1981. List of amphibians and reptiles either known or thought to have become extinct since 1600. Biological Conservation 19: 141–158.
[LG07] Li, P.-P., K.-Q. Gao, L.-H. Hou & X. Xu. 2007. A gliding lizard from the Early Cretaceous of China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104 (13): 5507–5509.
[MH11] Müller, J., C. A. Hipsley, J. J. Head, N. Kardjilov, A. Hilger, M. Wuttke & R. R. Reisz. 2011. Eocene lizard from Germany reveals amphisbaenian origins. Nature 473: 364–367.
[SVL03] Schulte, J. A., II, J. P. Valladares & A. Larson. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships within Iguanidae inferred using molecular and morphological data and a phylogenetic taxonomy of iguanian lizards. Herpetologia 59 (3): 399–419.
[SC18] Simões, T. R., M. W. Caldwell, M. Talanda, M. Bernardi, A. Palci, O. Vernygora, F. Bernardini, L. Mancini & R. L. Nydam. 2018. The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps. Nature 557: 706–709.
[SH96] Sullivan, R. M., & J. A. Holman. 1996. Squamata. In: Prothero, D. R., & R. J. Emry (eds) The Terrestrial Eocene–Oligocene Transition in North America pp. 354–372. Cambridge University Press.
[U57] Underwood, G. 1957. On lizards of the family Pygopodidae. A contribution to the morphology and phylogeny of the Squamata. Journal of Morphology 100 (2): 207–268.
[USDI77] United States Department of the Interior. 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.
[VRC01] Vickaryous, M. K., A. P. Russell & P. J. Currie. 2001. Cranial ornamentation of ankylosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora): reappraisal of developmental hypotheses. In: Carpenter, K. (ed.) 2001. The Armored Dinosaurs pp. 318–340. Indiana University Press.
[W73] Woodruff, D. S. 1973. Natural hybridization and hybrid zones. Systematic Zoology 22 (3): 213–218.