Belongs within: Neoloricata.
Contains: Callochiton, Acanthochitona, Notoplax, Mopaliidae, Chaetopleuridae, Callistochiton, Ischnochitonidae, Chitonidae.
The Ischnochitonina are a group of chitons, including the greater number of living species, in which the ventral layer of the valves forms a well developed articulamentum (Smith 1960). The Cryptoconchidae, in which the dorsal tegmentum is reduced relative to the articulamentum, have been treated as their own separate suborder but appear to be phylogenetically nested within the Ischnochitonina. Members of the genus Callochiton have a fairly wide, leathery girdle covered with longitudinally packed minute narrow scales or spicules with only the tips showing (Smith 1960).
<==Ischnochitonina [Acanthochitae, Acanthochitidae, Acanthochitinae, Acanthochitonidae, Acanthochitonina]S60
|--Callochitoninae [Callochitonidae]BRW98
| |--CallochitonGO06
| |--Quaestiplax Iredale & Hull 1929S60
| | `--Q. wilsoniBRW98
| `--Eudoxochiton Shuttleworth 1853BRW98, P61 [incl. Eudoxoplax Iredale & May 1916S60]
| |--*E. nobilis (Gray 1843) [=Acanthopleura nobilis]S60
| |--E. huttoni Pilsbry 1893P61
| `--E. inornatus (Ten.-Woods 1881)BRW98, L70 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--Acanthochitoninae [Cryptoconchidae, Pseudotonicinae]BRW98
| |--AcanthochitonaGO06
| |--NotoplaxBRW98
| |--Cryptoconchus Burrow 1815BRW98, P61 [=Cryptochoncus Clessin 1903S60, Cryptoconctus Sowerby 1852S60]
| | `--*C. porosus (Burrow 1815) [=Chiton porosus]P61
| |--Choneplax Carpenter in Dall 1882 (see below for synonymy)S60
| | `--C. latus (Guilding 1829) (see below for synonymy)S60
| |--Austrochiton Bergenhayn 1945S60
| | `--*A. rostratus (Ashby & Torr 1901) [=Acanthochites rostratus]S60
| |--Pseudotonicia Ashby 1928S60
| | `--P. cuneataBRW98
| |--Bassethullia Pilsbry 1928S60
| | |--B. glyptaBRW98
| | |--B. matthewsiBRW98
| | |--B. porcinaBRW98
| | `--B. propeporcinaBRW98
| `--Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853P61 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*C. laqueatus (Sowerby 1841)S60 [=Chiton laqueatusP61]
| |--‘*Lophoplax’ finlayi Ashby 1926F27
| |--‘Notoplax (Amblyplax)’ foveauxensis Ashby 1926 (see below for synonymy)F27
| |--‘Notoplax (*Amblyplax)’ oliveri Ashby 1926 [=Macandrellus oliveri Mestayer 1926]F27
| `--C. rubiginosus (Hutton 1872)P61
`--+--+--+--MopaliidaeGO06
| | `--Cryptochiton Middendorff 1847GO06, S60 [Cryptochitonidae, Cryptochitoninae]
| | `--*C. stelleri (Middendorff 1847)S60 (see below for synonymy)
| `--Tonicella Carpenter 1873GO06, S60 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*T. marmorea (Fabricius 1780)S60 (see below for synonymy)
| |--T. lineata (Wood 1815) [=Chiton lineatus, Lepidochitona (Tonicella) lineata]O27
| |--T. rubra (Linnaeus 1767) [=Chiton ruber, Lepidochitona (Tonicella) ruber]O27
| |--T. saccharina Dall 1878 [=Lepidochitona (Tonicella) saccharina]O27
| |--T. sitkensis (Middendorff 1846) [=Chiton sitkensis, Lepidochitona (Tonicella) sitkensis]O27
| `--T. submarmorea (Middendorff 1848) [=Lepidochitona (Tonicella) submarmorea]O27
`--+--+--ChaetopleuridaeGO06
| `--Callistoplacidae [Callistochitonidae, Callistochitoninae, Callistoplacinae]SF77
| |--CallistochitonGO06
| |--Callistoplax Carpenter in Dall 1882S60
| | `--*C. retusa (Sowerby 1832) [=Chiton retusus]S60
| |--Ceratozona Dall 1882 (see below for synonymy)S60
| | `--C. rugosa (Sowerby 1841)S60 (see below for synonymy)
| |--Middendorffia Carpenter in Dall 1882 (see below for synonymy)S60
| | |--*M. polii (Philippi 1836) [=Chiton polii; incl. C. cinereus Poli 1791 non Linné 1767]S60
| | `--M. caprearumPP64
| `--Nuttallina Dall 1871 [=Nutallina (l. c.), Nuttalina (l. c.)]S60
| |--N. fluxa (Carpenter 1864) (see below for synonymy)S60
| |--N. californica (Reeve 1847) [=Chiton californicus]O27
| `--N. thomasi Pilsbry 1898O27
`--+--IschnochitonidaeGO06
`--+--ChitonidaeGO06
`--Schizochitonidae [Prochitonidae]BRW98
|--Schizochiton Gray 1847S60
| `--*S. incisus (Sowerby 1841) [=Chiton incisus]S60
|--Oochiton Ashby 1929BRW98, S60
| `--*O. halli Ashby 1929S60
|--Loricella Pilsbry 1893 [incl. Pseudoloricella Ashby 1925, Squamophora Nierstrasz 1905]S60
| |--*L. angasi (Adams & Angas 1864) [=Lorica angasi]S60
| |--L. profundiorBRW98
| `--L. sculptaS60
`--Lorica Adams & Adams 1852GO06, P61 (see below for synonymy)
|--L. volvox (Reeve 1847)GO06, S60 (see below for synonymy)
|--*L. cimolia (Reeve 1847) [=Chiton cimolius]S60
|--L. atkinsoniS60
|--L. cudmoreiS60
|--L. duniana Hull 1910F71
|--L. haurakiensis (Mestayer 1921)F27 [=Aulacochiton haurakiensisP61, *Zelorica haurakiensisF27]
`--‘Aulacochiton’ praecursor Smith et al. 1968BE93
Ischnochitonina incertae sedis:
Cryptoplax deBlainville 1818S60 (see below for synonymy)
|--*C. larvaeformis (Burrow 1815) [=Chiton larvaeformis]S60
|--C. burrowi (Smith 1884) [=Chiton burrowi]H09
|--C. iredaleiBRW98
|--C. japonicaGO06
|--C. mysticaBRW98
|--C. numicusS60
|--C. oculatus (Burrow 1815)BW09 [=Chiton oculatusH09]
|--C. pritchardiS60
|--C. royanaBRW98
`--C. striata (Lamarck 1819)WBS-S15
Afossochiton Ashby 1925BRW98, S60 [incl. Telochiton Ashby & Cotton 1939S60; Afossochitonidae, Afossochitonina]
`--*A. cudmorei Ashby 1925S60
Ceratozona Dall 1882 [incl. Ceratophorus Carpenter in Dall 1882 nec Schuckard 1837 nec Diesing 1850, Newcombia Carpenter in Dall 1882]S60
Ceratozona rugosa (Sowerby 1841)S60 [=Chiton rugosusS60; incl. Ch. guildingi Reeve 1847S60, *Ceratozona guildingiS60, Ch. squalidusG79]
Choneplax Carpenter in Dall 1882 [=Chnoeplax (l. c.); incl. Chitoniscus Carpenter in Dall 1882 nec Herrmannsen 1852 nec Stål 1875]S60
Choneplax latus (Guilding 1829) [=Chitonellus latus; incl. Chiton strigatus Sowerby 1840, *Choneplax strigatus]S60
Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853P61 [incl. Amblyplax Ashby 1926S60, Angasia Carpenter in Dall 1882S60, Augasia (l. c.)S60, Aristochiton Thiele 1909S60, Craspedoplax Iredale & Hull 1925S60, Glyptelasma Iredale & Hull 1925 non Pilsbry 1907S60, Ikedaella Taki & Taki 1929S60, Leptoplax Carpenter in Dall 1882S60, Loboplax Pilsbry 1893S60, Lophoplax Ashby 1926S60, Macandrellus Carpenter in Dall 1879S60, Mecynoplax Thiele 1893S60, Phacellopleura Carpenter in Dall 1879 non Agassiz 1846S60, Phacellozona Pilsbry 1894S60, Spongiochiton Carpenter in Dall 1882S60, Thaumastochiton Thiele 1909S60]
*Cryptochiton stelleri (Middendorff 1847)S60 [=Chiton (*Cryptochiton) stelleriS60; incl. Ch. amiculatus Newcomb in Carpenter 1864 (n. n.)C64]
Cryptoplax deBlainville 1818S60 [=Crytoplax Gray 1821S60; incl. Ametrogephyrus Middendorff 1848S60, Chitonellus Lamarck 1819S60, Chitonella (l. c.)S60, Chitoniscus Herrmannsen 1846S60, Dichachiton Middendorff 1848S60, Dibachiton (l. c.)S60, Oscabrella Broderip 1835S60, Phaenochiton Middendorff 1848S60; CryptoplacidaeBRW98, Cryptoplacinae]
Eudoxochiton inornatus (Ten.-Woods 1881)BRW98, L70 [=Callochiton (Trachyradsia) inornatusL70, Chiton inornatusF27, Eudoplax inornatusL70, Eudoxochiton (*Eudoxoplax) inornatusL70, F27; incl. Callochiton (Trachyradsia) lobatusL70]
Lorica Adams & Adams 1852GO06, P61 [incl. Aulacochiton Shuttleworth 1852P61, Protolorica Ashby 1925S60, Zelorica Finlay 1927S60; AulacochitonidaeP61, Loricidae]
Lorica volvox (Reeve 1847)GO06, S60 [=Chiton volvoxP61, *Aulacochiton volvoxP61; incl. C. cimolius Reeve 1847S60, *Lorica cimoliaS60, BRW98]
Middendorffia Carpenter in Dall 1882 [=Middendorfia; incl. Beanella Dall 1882, Beania Carpenter in Dall 1879 non Johnston 1840, Dawsonia Carpenter 1873 nec Brown 1811 (ICBN) nec Hartt in Dawson 1868 nec Nicholson 1873]S60
‘Notoplax (Amblyplax)’ foveauxensis Ashby 1926 [=Acanthochiton foveauxensis Mestayer 1926; incl. A. foveauxensis var. kirki Mestayer 1926]F27
Nuttallina fluxa (Carpenter 1864) [=Acanthopleura fluxa; incl. Chiton scaber Reeve 1847 non de Blainville 1825, *Nuttallina scabra]S60
Tonicella Carpenter 1873GO06, S60 [=Toniciella (l. c.)S60; incl. Boreochiton Sars 1878S60, Clathropleura Tiberi 1877S60, Platysemus Middendorff 1847S60]
*Tonicella marmorea (Fabricius 1780)S60 [=Chiton marmoreusS60, Boreochiton marmaoreusCS77, Lepidochitona (Tonicella) marmoreaO27]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BRW98] Beesley, P. L., G. J. B. Ross & A. Wells (eds) 1998. Fauna of Australia vol. 5. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Part A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
[BE93] Benton, M. J., & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Amphineura and ‘Monoplacophora’. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 125–130. Chapman & Hall: London.
[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.
[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.
[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.
[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.
[GO06] Giribet, G., A. Okusu, A. R. Lindgren, S. W. Huff, M. Schrödl & M. K. Nishiguchi. 2006. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103 (20): 7723–7728.
[G79] Guppy, R. J. L. 1879. First sketch of a marine invertebrate fauna of the Gulf of Paria and its neighbourhood. Part I.—Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 2: 151–172.
[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.
[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).
[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.
[S60] Smith, A. G. 1960. Amphineura. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I41–I76. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.
[SF77] Smith, A. G., & A. J. Ferreira. 1977. Chiton fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Veliger 20 (2): 82–97.
[WBS-S15] Willan, R. C., C. Bryce & S. M. Slack-Smith. 2015. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: molluscs. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 287–343.