Belongs within: Ciliophora.
The Karyorelictea are a group of ciliates containing two or more non-dividing macronuclei (Adl et al. 2019).
Characters (Adl et al. 2019): Two to many macronuclei containing approximately but sometimes slightly more than the diploid amount of DNA; macronuclei not dividing but replaced by division of micronuclei; major postciliary ribbons separated by two groups of microtubules.
<==Karyorelictea [Karyorelictina]
|--+--Parduczia orbisL03
| `--Geleiidae [Protoheterotrichida]LS02
| |--Avelia Nouzarède 1977LS02
| | `--A. orbisLS02
| `--Geleia Kahl 1933L03, LS02
| |--G. decolorLS02
| |--G. fossataL03
| `--G. gigasD86
`--+--LoxodidaAB19
| |--CryptopharyngidaeLS02
| | |--Cryptopharynx Kahl 1928LS02
| | | `--C. setigerusLS02
| | `--Apocryptopharynx Foissner 1996LS02
| | `--A. hippocampoidesLS02
| `--LoxodidaeLS02
| |--Loxodes Ehrenberg 1833L03, LS02
| | |--L. magnusD86
| | |--L. rostrumC74
| | |--L. striatusL03
| | `--L. voraxSX97
| `--Remanella Kahl 1933LS02
| |--R. caudataA66
| |--R. leviiLS02
| |--R. margaritiferaLS02
| `--R. multinucleataD86
`--ProtostomatidaLS02
|--Trachelocerca Ehrenberg 1833 [Trachelocercidae]LS02
| |--T. entziD86
| |--T. multinucleataLS02
| |--T. olorG84
| |--T. phoenicopterusG84
| `--T. tenuicollisV63
`--KentrophoridaeLS02
|--Trachelolophos Foissner & Dragesco 1996LS02
| `--T. filumLS02
|--Prototrachelocerca Foissner 1996LS02
| `--P. frasciolataLS02
|--Trachelonema Dragesco 1958LS02
| |--T. grasseiLS02
| |--T. longicollisD86
| |--T. oligostriataC74
| `--T. sulcataD86
|--Kentrophoros Sauerbrey 1928LS02
| |--K. fasciolataHH01
| |--K. fistulosa [=Centrophorella fistulosa]D86
| |--K. flavusLS02
| |--K. longissimusLS02
| `--K. trichocystusLS02
`--Tracheloraphis Dragesco 1958L03, LS02
|--T. incaudatusD86
|--T. kahliC74
|--T. lacteusLS02
|--T. margaritiferaD86
|--T. phoenicopterusC74
`--T. remaneiD86
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AB19] Adl, S. M., D. Bass, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov, S. Agatha, C. Berney, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, P. Cárdenas, I. Čepička, L. Chistyakova, J. del Campo, M. Dunthorn, B. Edvardsen, Y. Eglit, L. Guillou, V. Hampl, A. A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, T. Y. James, A. Karnkowska, S. Karpov, E. Kim, M. Kolisko, A. Kudryavtsev, D. J. G. Lahr, E. Lara, L. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. Massana, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. Morrow, J. S. Park, J. W. Pawlowski, M. J. Powell, D. J. Richter, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, S. Shimano, F. W. Spiegel, G. Torruella, N. Youssef, V. Zlatogursky & Q. Zhang. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66: 4–119.
[A66] Ax, P. 1966. Das chordoide Gewebe als histologisches Lebensformmerkmal der Sandlückenfauna des Meeres. Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 19: 282–289.
[C74] Corliss, J. O. 1974. The changing world of ciliate systematics: historical analysis of past efforts and a newly proposed phylogenetic scheme of classification for the protistan phylum Ciliophora. Systematic Zoology 23 (1): 91–138.
[D86] Detcheva, R. 1986. Ciliata interstitiels, essentiellement des sables marins. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 21–29. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[G84] Gruber, A. 1884. Die Protozoen des Hafens von Genua. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher [Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum] 46 (4): 473–539, pls 7–11.
[HH01] Hackstein, J. H. P., A. H. A. M. van Hoek, J. A. M. Leunissen & M. Huynen. 2001. Anaerobic ciliates and their methanogenic endosymbionts. In: Seckbach, J. (ed.) Symbiosis: Mechanisms and Model Systems pp. 451–464. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Doordrecht (The Netherlands).
[L03] Lynn, D. H. 2003. Morphology or molecules: how do we identify the major lineages of ciliates (phylum Ciliophora)? European Journal of Protistology 39 (4): 356–364.
[LS02] Lynn, D. H., & E. B. Small. 2002. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 371–656. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[SX97] Song B. & Xie P. 1997. Preliminary studies on the community structure of the planktonic protozoa from the outlet of Lake Dongting. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 21 (Suppl.): 60–68.
[V63] Varga, L. 1963. Weitere Untersuchungen über die aquatile Mikrofauna der Baradla-Höhle bei Aggtelek (Ungarn) (Biospeologica Hungarica, XVII). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 9 (3–4): 439–458.