Belongs within: Cyprinoidei.
Contains: Phoxinus, Gila, Rhinichthys, Nocomis, Notropis, Luxilus.
The Leuciscidae, minnows, are a widespread group of long-bodied cyprinoid fishes with barbels and a maxillary foramen absent, and pharyngeal tooth usually in two rows. This family includes the majority of cyprinoid fishes native to North America, as well as a number of Eurasian taxa.
Leuciscidae [Leuciscinae]
|--+--Notemigonus crysoleucasB-RW17
| `--+--LeuciscusB-RW17
| | |--L. cephalus (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
| | |--L. idus (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
| | |--L. leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)A73
| | |--L. peloponnensisKKV03
| | |--L. rutilus [incl. L. rutilus var. wobla]C01
| | `--L. souffia Risso 1827SE08
| `--+--+--Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758)B-RW17, SE08
| | `--‘Leuciscus’ lepidusB-RW17
| `--+--Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782)B-RW17, SE08
| `--Rutilus Rafinesque 1820B-RW17, RA05
| |--R. caspicusCS77
| |--R. frisiiCS77
| | |--R. f. frisiiCS77
| | `--R. f. kutumCS77
| |--R. pigus (Lacepède 1803)SE08
| `--R. rutilus (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
`--+--+--PhoxinusB-RW17
| `--Oreoleuciscus humilisB-RW17
`--+--+--SemotilusB-RW17
| | |--S. atromaculatusSBW95
| | |--S. bullarisF16
| | |--S. corporalisSBW95
| | `--S. lumbeeSBW95
| `--+--Chrosomus eosB-RW17
| `--+--PtychocheilusB-RW17
| | |--P. oregonensisB96
| | `--+--P. umpquaeB96
| | `--+--P. grandisB96
| | `--P. luciusB96
| `--+--GilaB-RW17
| `--AcrocheilusB-RW17
| |--A. alutaceusS92
| `--A. latusS92
`--+--+--Richardsonius balteatusB-RW17
| `--ClinostomusB-RW17
| |--C. elongatusSBW95
| `--C. funduloidesSBW95
`--+--+--RhinichthysB-RW17
| `--ExoglossumB-RW17
| |--E. lauraeSBW95
| `--E. maxillinguaSBW95
`--+--+--NocomisB-RW17
| `--CampostomaB-RW17
| |--C. anomalumB96
| | |--C. a. anomalumSBW95
| | `--C. a. pullmanSBW95
| `--C. oligolepis [=C. anomalum oligolepis]SBW95
`--+--MacrhybopsisB-RW17
| |--M. aestivalisSBW95
| `--M. storerianaSBW95
`--+--+--PhenacobiusB-RW17
| | |--P. catostomusSBW95
| | |--P. crassilabrumSBW95
| | |--P. mirabilisSBW95
| | |--P. teretulusSBW95
| | `--P. uranopsSBW95
| `--ErimystaxB-RW17
| |--E. dissimilisSBW95
| |--E. insignisB-RW17
| `--E. x-punctatusSBW95
`--+--+--NotropisB-RW17
| `--LuxilusB-RW17
`--+--LythrurusB-RW17
| | i. s.: L. ardens [incl. Notropis ardens fasciolaris; incl. N. ardens matutinus]SBW95
| |--L. umbratilis [=Notropis (Lythrurus) umbratilis]R84
| | |--L. u. umbratilisSBW95
| | `--L. u. cyanocephalus [=Notropis umbratilis cyanocephalus]SBW95
| `--+--L. atrapiculus [=Notropis (Lythrurus) atrapiculus]R84
| |--L. bellus [=Notropis (Lythrurus) bellus]R84
| | |--L. b. bellusR84
| | `--L. b. alegnotus [=Notropis (Lythrurus) bellus alegnotus]R84
| `--L. roseipinnis [=Notropis (Lythrurus) roseipinnis]R84
`--+--+--HybognathusB-RW17
| | |--H. amarusB96
| | |--H. argyritusB96
| | |--H. hankinsoniB-RW17
| | |--H. nuchalisSBW95
| | `--H. regiusB96
| `--‘Notropis’ longirostrisB-RW17
`--+--Hybopsis amblopsB-RW17
`--+--Opsopoeodus emiliaeB-RW17
`--+--CyprinellaB-RW17
| |--C. analostanaSBW95
| |--C. callistiaB-RW17
| |--C. chloristia [=C. analostana chloristius]SBW95
| |--C. galactura (Cope 1868)OE97
| |--C. spiloptera (Cope 1868)OE97 (see below for synonymy)
| `--C. whippleiSBW95
`--+--PimephalesB-RW17
| |--P. notatusB96
| |--P. promelasAS09
| |--P. tenellusSBW95
| `--P. vigilaxSBW95
| |--P. v. vigilaxSBW95
| `--P. v. perspicusSBW95
`--Erimonax monachusB-RW17
Leuciscidae incertae sedis:
BliccaB96
|--B. bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
`--B. croydonensis White 1931P93
CouesiusB96
Dionda episcopaB96, D81
|--D. e. episcopaD81
`--D. e. plunctiferD81
Pogonichthys macrolepidotusB96, LG80
MylopharodonM86
TribolodonB96
|--T. brandtiT90
|--T. ezoeT90
`--T. hakonensisT90
AbramisB96
|--A. abramisKA01
|--A. ballerus (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
|--A. brama (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
|--A. crysoleucusF15
|--A. sapa (Pallas 1814)SE08
`--A. vimbaD56
Hesperoleucus symmetricusAS09
Lavinia exilicaudaAS09
Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1868)OE97 [=Notropis spilopterusSBW95; incl. C. spiloptera hypsisomataSBW95, N. spilopterus hypsisomatusSBW95]
Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) [incl. Squalius bearnensis Blanchard 1866, L. burdigalensis Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844, L. leuciscus roulei Vladykov 1931]A73
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AS09] Alfaro, M. E., F. Santini, C. Brock, H. Alamillo, A. Dornburg, D. L. Rabosky, G. Carnevale & L. J. Harmon. 2009. Nine exceptional radiations plus high turnover explain species diversity in jawed vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (32): 13410–13414.
[A73] Almaça, C. 1973. Os tipos do grupo-espécie em zoologia. Naturalia 11 (1): 73–75.
[B-RW17] Betancur-R, R., E. O. Wiley, G. Arratia, A. Acero, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 162.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Utivázlat [Reiseskizze]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. xii–xli. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.
[D81] Day, D. 1981. The Doomsday Book of Animals: A unique natural history of three hundred vanished species. Ebury Press: London.
[F15] Fowler, H. W. 1915. Cold-blooded vertebrates from Florida, the West Indies, Costa Rica, and eastern Brazil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 244–269.
[F16] Fowler, H. W. 1916. Fishes from eastern Canada. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (3): 515–519.
[KA01] Kent, M. L., K. B. Andree, J. L. Bartholomew, M. El-Matbouli, S. S. Desser, R. H. Devlin, S. W. Feist, R. P. Hedrick, R. W. Hoffmann, J. Khattra, S. L. Hallett, R. J. G. Lester, M. Longshaw, O. Palenzuela, M. E. Siddall & C. Xiao. 2001. Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48: 395–413.
[KKV03] Kontula, T., S. V. Kirilchik & R. Väinölä. 2003. Endemic diversification of the monophyletic cottoid fish species flock in Lake Baikal explored with mtDNA sequencing. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 143–155.
[LG80] Loudenslager, E. J., & G. A. E. Gall. 1980. Geographic patterns of protein variation and subspeciation in cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki. Systematic Zoology 29 (1): 27–42.
[M86] Mayden, R. L. 1986. Speciose and depauperate phylads and tests of punctuated and gradual evolution: fact or artifact? Systematic Zoology 35 (4): 591–602.
[OE97] Obermeyer, B. K., D. R. Edds, C. W. Prophet & E. J. Miller. 1997. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Verdigris, Neosho, and Spring River basins of Kansas and Missouri, with emphasis on species of concern. American Malacological Bulletin 14 (1): 41–55.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[RA05] Robalo, J. I., V. C. Almada, C. Sousa Santos, M. I. Moreira & I. Doadrio. 2005. New species of the genus Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Actynopterigii, Cyprinidae) from western Portugal. Graellsia 61 (1): 19–29.
[R84] Rogers, J. S. 1984. Deriving phylogenetic trees from allele frequencies. Systematic Zoology 33 (1): 52–63.
[SE08] Sevcsik, A., & T. Erös. 2008. A revised catalogue of freshwater fishes of Hungary and the neighbouring countries in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Pisces). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 331–383.
[S92] Smith, G. R. 1992. Introgression in fishes: significance for paleontology, cladistics, and evolutionary rates. Systematic Biology 41 (1): 41–57.
[SBW95] Stauffer, J. R., Jr, J. M. Boltz & L. R. White. 1995. The fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 146: 1–389.
[T90] Taguchi, S. 1990. Nihon no Sakana. Kogakukan: Tokyo.