Belongs within: Lumbricoidea.
The Lumbricidae are a cosmopolitan family of earthworms including many human-associated species such as the nightcrawler Lumbricus terrestris. The manure worm Eisenia fetida is found in rotting organic matter and is widely used in composting.
Within the Lumbricidae, the prostomium completely divides the peristomium in species of the genus Lumbricus but only incompletely divides it in most other species. Most species have the male pores on segment 15 but they are located on segment 13 in Eiseniella tetraedra (Schwert 1990).
Characters (Schwert 1990): Clitellum beginning on or behind segment 19; male pores present on segment 15 (rarely segment 13); female pores on segment 14; eight setae per segment in regular longitudinal ranks.
Lumbricidae
|--Zophoscolex zhangiJD12
`--+--AllolobophoraJD12
| |--A. australiensis (Fletcher 1886) [=Lumbricus (Allolobophora) australiensis]F86b
| |--A. chlorotica (Savigny 1826)S90
| |--A. dubiosa (Örley 1880) (see below for synonymy)Z63
| |--A. lacustris Černosvitov 1931B50
| |--A. longaPB02
| | |--A. l. longaPB02
| | `--A. l. terrestrisPB02
| |--A. mehadiensisJD12
| |--A. subrubicunda [incl. A. arborea]R89
| `--A. turgidaG62
`--+--Octodrilus complanatusJD12
`--+--BimastosJD12
| |--B. beddardi (Michaelsen 1894)S90
| |--B. gieseleri (Ude 1895)S90
| |--B. heimburgeri Smith 1928S90
| |--B. longicinctus Smith & Gittins 1915S90
| |--B. palustris Moore 1893S90
| |--B. parvus (Eisen 1874)S90 [=Allolobophora parvaR84, Helodrilus parvusJ31]
| |--B. tumidus (Eisen 1874)S90
| |--B. welchi (Smith 1917)S90
| `--B. zeteki Smith & Gittins 1915S90
`--+--EisenoidesJD12
| |--E. carolinensis (Michaelsen 1910)S90
| `--E. lonnbergi (Michaelsen 1894)S90
`--Lumbricus Linnaeus 1758JD12, L58
|--L. castaneus (Savigny 1826)S90
|--L. festivus (Savigny 1826)S90
|--L. novaehollandiae Kinberg 1866F86b
|--L. olidusF86a
|--L. orthostichonF86a
|--L. polyphemusJD12
|--L. rubellus Hoffmeister 1843S90
|--L. terrestris Linnaeus 1758S90
`--L. variegatusLS02
Lumbricidae incertae sedis:
Eumenescolex proclitellatus Pérez-Onteniente & Rodríguez-Babío 2004F05
Spermophorodrilus albanianus Bouché 1975S90
HelodrilusJ31
|--H. constrictus [=Bimastus constrictus]J31
`--H. roseusF92
EiseniellaS90
|--E. intermedius Jackson 1931J31
|--E. lacustris Čern. 1931Z63
|--E. ochridana Čern. 1931Z63 [incl. E. profundaB50, E. stankoviciB50]
`--E. tetraedra (Savigny 1826)S90 [=Helodrilus (Eiseniella) tetraedrusM13]
ProctodrilusH09
|--P. antipai (Michaelsen 1881)H09
`--P. tuberculatus (Černosvitov 1935)H09
OctolasionS90
|--O. complanatumPB02
|--O. cyaneum (Savigny 1826)S90
|--O. lacteum (Örley 1881)H09
`--O. tyrtaeum (Savigny 1826)S90
DendrobaenaS90
|--D. mammalis (Savigny 1826)S90
|--D. octaedra (Savigny 1826)S90
`--D. rubida (Savigny 1826) [=Dendrodrilus rubidus]S90
EiseniaS90
|--E. andrei Bouché 1972RP07
|--E. eiseni (Levinsen 1884) [=Lumbricus eiseni]S90
|--E. fetida (Savigny 1826)S90 [=Allobophora foetidusJ31, E. foetidaS90]
|--E. hortensis (Michaelsen 1890)S90
|--E. rosea (Savigny 1826)S90 [=Aporrectodea roseaGH91]
`--E. zebra Michaelsen 1902S90
AporrectodeaS90
|--A. caliginosa (Savigny 1826)S90 (see below for synonymy)
|--A. icterica (Savigny 1826)S90
|--A. limicola (Michaelsen 1890)S90
|--A. longa (Ude 1885)S90
|--A. muldali (Omodeo 1956)S90
|--A. trapezoides (Dugès 1828)S90 (see below for synonymy)
`--A. tuberculata (Eisen 1874)S90
Allolobophora dubiosa (Örley 1880) [=Criodrilus dubiosus, Archaeodrilus dubiosus, Helodrilus dubiosus; incl. Allolobophora (Eophila) asconensis (Bretscher 1900), Al. blinovi Černosvitov 1938, Al. dubiosa var. pontica Pop 1938]Z63
Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny 1826)S90 [=Allolobophora caliginosaS90, Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosusJ31, M07; incl. Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen 1873)S90]
Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès 1828)S90 [=Lumbricus trapezoidesMR99, Allolobopora trapezoidesMR99, Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosus f. trapezioidesM13]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[F92] Fan Z. 1992. Key to the Common Flies of China 2nd ed. Science Press: Beijing.
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.
[F86a] Fletcher, J. J. 1886a. Notes on Australian earthworms. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 523–574, pls 8–9.
[F86b] Fletcher, J. J. 1886b. Notes on Australian earthworms. Part II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 943–973, pl. 13.
[G62] Gates, G. E. 1962. Miscellanea megadrilogica. V–VI. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 137–144.
[GH91] Gjelstrup, P., & N. B. Hendriksen. 1991. Histiostoma murchiei Hughes & Jackson (Anoetidae) as a parasite in the cocoons of some Danish earthworms. In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 441–445. Chapman & Hall: London.
[H09] Höser, N. 2009. Die Regenwurmfauna (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in zwei Querschnitten durch die Aue der Pleiße bei Windischleuba. Mauritiana 20 (3): 579–586.
[J31] Jackson, A. 1931. The Oligochaeta of south-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 17: 71–136.
[JD12] James, S. W., & S. K. Davidson. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) based on 28S, 18S and 16S gene sequences. Invertebrate Systematics 26: 213–229.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[LS02] Lynn, D. H., & E. B. Small. 2002. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 371–656. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[M07] Michaelsen, W. 1907. Oligochaeta. Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens 1 (2): 115–232, 2 pls.
[M13] Michaelsen, W. 1913. Die Oligochäten von Neu-Caledonien und den benachbarten Inselgruppen. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 3 pp. 173–280. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.
[MR99] Mischis, C. C. de, & G. Righi. 1999. Contribution to knowledge of the oligochaete fauna (Annelida, Oligochaeta) from Argentina. Gayana 63 (2): 63–65.
[PB02] Perkins, F. O., J. R. Barta, R. E. Clopton, M. A. Peirce & S. J. Upton. 2002. Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 190–369. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[R84] Righi, G. 1984. Nova contribuição ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35 (22): 243–256.
[R89] Rosa, D. 1889. I lombrichi della Spedizione Antarctica Italiana del 1882. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a, 7: 137–146.
[RP07] Rousset, V., F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus & M. E. Siddall. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.
[S90] Schwert, D. P. 1990. Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 341–356. John Wiley & Sones: New York.
[Z63] Zicsi, A. 1963. Beobachtungen über die Lebensweise des Regenswurmes Allolobophora dubiosa (Örley) 1880. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 9 (1–2): 219–236.