Belongs within: Nymphalinae.
Contains: Nymphalis.
The Nymphalini are a cosmopolitan group of butterflies including such taxa as the admirals and painted ladies (Vanessa) and the anglewings (Polygonia). Though species are known from a broad range of host plants, the mostly commonly recorded hosts are species of Urticales. Members of the genus Vanessa are colourful, often migratory butterflies that feed as larvae on plants of the families Urticaceae and Asteraceae. The painted lady V. cardui is widespread in Eurasia, Africa and North America.
<==Nymphalini
| i. s.: Hypna [incl. Hecalene]B66
| |--H. clytemnestra [=Papilio clytemnestra]B66
| |--H. elongata Butler 1866B66
| |--H. globosa Butler 1866B66
| |--H. huebneri Butler 1866 [incl. H. clytemnestra var. iphigenia, H. clytemnestra var. negra]B66
| |--H. rufescens Butler 1866B66
| `--H. velox Butler 1866B66
|--Antanartia schaeniaWWN03
`--+--+--PolygoniaWWN03
| | |--P. c-albumWWN03
| | |--P. faunusC37
| | | |--P. f. faunusC37
| | | `--P. f. smythiC37
| | |--P. gracilisS72
| | `--P. zephyrusS72
| `--NymphalisWWN03
`--+--Bassaris Hübner 1821J03, B00
| |--B. gonerilla (Fabricius 1775)J03, B00 [=Vanessa gonerillaJ03]
| | |--B. g. gonerillaC88
| | `--B. g. idaC88
| `--B. itea (Fabricius 1775)J03, B00 [=Vanessa iteaJ03]
`--Vanessa Fabricius 1807WWN03, B00 [incl. Cynthia Fabricius 1807B00]
|--V. amerindicaGE05
|--V. antiopa [incl. V. antiopa ab. hygiaea]OO90
|--V. atalantaWWN03
|--V. c-albumR26
|--V. callirhoeP01
|--V. cardui (Linnaeus 1758)B00 [=Cynthia carduiI92]
|--V. caryeP72
|--‘Cynthia’ erotaS72
|--V. indicaP93
|--V. io [incl. V. io ab. belisaria]OO90
|--V. karaganciaGE05
|--V. kershawi (McCoy 1868)B00 [=Cynthia kershawiO81]
|--V. l-albumR26
|--V. levanaP01
|--V. polychlorosF92
|--V. prorsaR13
|--V. triangulumR26
|--V. urticaeTYM08 [incl. V. urticae var. ichnusaR13, V. urticae var. polarisR13]
| |--V. u. urticaeTYM08
| `--V. u. nekkana Kishida & Nakamura 1934TYM08
`--V. virginiensis [incl. V. huntera, V. virginiensis ab. hunteroides Blachier 1887]B89
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B89] Blachier, C. 1889. Une Boarmia nouvelle, variétés inédites de lépidoptères, et chenille d’une hémérophile. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6e série 9: 255–260, pl. 4.
[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).
[B66] Butler, A. G. 1866. A revision of the genus Hypna, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 206–210.
[C37] Clark, A. H. 1937. The butterflies of Virginia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (5): 116.
[C88] Craw, R. 1988. Continuing the synthesis between panbiogeography, phylogenetic systematics and geology as illustrated by empirical studies on the biogeography of New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Systematic Zoology 37 (3): 291–310.
[F92] Fan Z. 1992. Key to the Common Flies of China 2nd ed. Science Press: Beijing.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[I92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.
[J03] Jong, R. de. 2003. Are there butterflies with Gondwanan ancestry in the Australian region? Invertebrate Systematics 17: 143–156.
[OO90] Oberthür, C., & R. Oberthür. 1890. Lépidoptères dans les Pyrénées-Orientales. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6e série 9: cc–cciii.
[O81] O’Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.
[P01] Pável, J. 1901. Lepkék [Lepidopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 171–177. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.
[P72] Powell, J. A. 1972. Mass movements of Nymphalis californica (Boisduval) in the San Francisco Bay area during 1971 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 144.
[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.
[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.
[S72] Shields, O. 1972. Flower visitation records for butterflies (Lepidoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (3): 189–203.
[TYM08] Tennent, W. J., M. Yasuda & K. Morimoto. 2008. Lansania Journal of arachnology and zoology—a rare and obscure Japanese natural history journal. Archives of Natural History 35 (2): 252–280.
[WWN03] Wahlberg, N., E. Weingartner & S. Nylin. 2003. Towards a better understanding of the higher systematics of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 473–484.