Belongs within: Onychiuridae.
Onychiurus is a genus of springtails lacking dark pigment, with the furcula rudimentary or absent, and with four or more papillae in an apical organ on the third antennal segment. The post-antennal organ comprises six or fewer simple lobes arranged in an oval or circle in the subgenus Archaphorura whereas it has a greater number and/or more complex lobes in other subgenera (Christiansen & Bellinger 1980).
<==Onychiurus Gervais 1841CB80
|--O. (Onychiurus) (see below for synonymy)CB80
| |--*O. (O.) ambulans (Linnaeus 1758)CB80 (see below for synonymy)
| |--‘Aphorura’ burmeisteriS00
| |--‘Aphorura’ cirrigeraS00
| |--O. (O.) dentatus (Folsom 1902) [=Aphorura dentata, *Pseudonychiurus dentatus]CB80
| |--O. (O.) durkeei Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) eisi Rusek 1976CB80
| |--O. (O.) eous Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) flavescens Kinoshita 1916 [incl. O. oreadis Mills 1935]CB80
| |--O. (O.) folsomi (Schäffer 1900)CB80 [=Aphorura folsomiS00; incl. O. porteri Tomlin 1975 (n. n.)CB80]
| |--‘Aphorura’ gracilisS00
| |--‘Aphorura’ hamanni Schäffer 1900S00
| |--O. (O.) inermis (Tullberg 1869)CB80 (see below for synonymy)
| |--O. (O.) janus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) lusus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) millsi Chamberlain 1943 (see below for synonymy)CB80
| |--O. (O.) opus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) oregonensis Bonet 1931 [=O. ambulans inermis f. oregonensis Denis 1929]CB80
| |--O. (O.) paro Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (O.) postumicus Bonet 1931 [=*Onychiuroides postumicus]CB80
| |--O. (O.) pseudofimetarius Folsom 1917CB80
| |--‘Aphorura’ quadrispinaS00
| |--O. (O.) ramosus Folsom 1917 [=*Paronychiurus ramosus; incl. P. millsi Salmon 1959]CB80
| |--O. (O.) reluctus Christiansen 1961CB80
| `--‘Aphorura’ tuberculataS00
|--O. (Archaphorura Bagnall 1949) (see below for synonymy)CB80
| |--O. (*A.) serratotuberculatus Stach 1933CB80
| |--O. (A.) absoloni (Börner 1901) [=Aphorura absoloni, *Micraphorura absoloni]CB80
| |--O. (A.) affinis Ågren 1903 [=*Affinichiurus affinis]CB80
| |--O. (A.) allanae Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (A.) gelus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
| |--O. (A.) groenlandicus (Tullberg 1876) [=Lipura groenlandica, *Oligaphorura groenlandica]CB80
| `--O. (A.) schoettiCB80
`--O. (Protaphorura Absolon 1901) (see below for synonymy)CB80
|--O. (*P.) armatus (Tullberg 1869)CB80 (see below for synonymy)
|--O. (P.) bimus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--O. (P.) casus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--O. (P.) churchilliana Hammer 1953CB80
|--O. (P.) cocklei (Folsom 1908) (see below for synonymy)CB80
|--O. (P.) debilis (Moniez 1890)CB80, TM86
|--O. (P.) decus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--O. (P.) duodecimpunctatus Folsom 1919CB80
|--O. (P.) encarpatus Denis 1931CB80
|--‘Aphorura’ furcifera Börner 1901 [=*Supraphorura furcifera]CB80
|--O. (P.) herus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--O. (P.) litoreus Folsom 1917CB80
|--O. (P.) macrodentatus Hammer 1953CB80
|--O. (P.) magninus Wray 1950CB80
|--O. (P.) obesus Mills 1934 [=*Psyllaphorura obesa; incl. O. obesus acuticornis Bagnall 1948, P. acuticornis]CB80
|--‘Aphorura’ paradoxa Schäffer 1900 [=*Kalaphorura paradoxa]CB80
|--O. (P.) parvicornis Mills 1934CB80
|--O. (P.) paucisetosus Hammer 1953CB80
|--O. (P.) pseudarmatus Folsom 1917CB80
|--O. (P.) reus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--O. (P.) sibiricus (Tullberg 1876) [=Lipura sibirica, *Hymenaphorura sibirica]CB80
|--O. (P.) similis Folsom 1917CB80
|--O. (P.) subtenuis Folsom 1917CB80
|--O. (P.) talus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
|--‘Tullbergia’ tomuraushensis Yosii 1940 [=*Protaphorurodes tomuraushensis]CB80
|--O. (P.) uenoi Yosii 1954CB80
|--O. (P.) voegtlini Christiansen & Bellinger 1980CB80
`--O. (P.) zschokkei Handschin 1919 [=*Handschiniella zschokkei]CB80
Onychiurus incertae sedis:
O. alborufescensWM70
O. arcticusHO09
O. burmeisteri (Lubbock 1873)CB80
O. californicus Coleman 1941 (n. d.)CB80
O. carpaticus Stach 1954CB80
O. duplopunctatus Strenzke 1954CB80
O. handschini Denis 1925CB80
|--O. h. handschiniV73
`--O. h. strinatiiV73
O. latusMWH88
O. mai Wray 1950 (n. d.)CB80
O. matsumotoiW39
O. octopunctatus (Tullberg 1876) [=Lipura octopunctata]CB80
O. orientalisH06
O. procampatusCB80
O. quadrituberculatusCB80
O. stachi Bagnall 1935CB80
O. terricola Kos 1941CB80
O. watanabei Matsumoto & Saito 1929CB80
O. wilchi Wray 1950 (n. d.)CB80
O. yagiiW39
Onychiurus (Archaphorura Bagnall 1949) [incl. Affinichiurus Stach 1954, Micraphorura Bagnall 1949, Oligaphorura Bagnall 1949]CB80
Onychiurus Gervais 1841 (Onychiurus) [=Aphorura MacGillivray 1893, Deuteraphorura Absolon 1901, Lipura Burmeister 1838; incl. Adicranus Bourlet 1843, Metonychiurus Salmon 1959, Neonychiurus Bagnall 1949, Onychiuroides Bagnall 1948, Paronychiurus Bagnall 1948, Pseudonychiurus Bagnall 1948]CB80
*Onychiurus (Onychiurus) ambulans (Linnaeus 1758)CB80 [=Podura ambulansCB80, Anurophorus ambulansW39, *Aphorura ambulansCB80, *Deuteraphorura ambulansCB80, *Lipura ambulansCB80]
Onychiurus (Onychiurus) inermis (Tullberg 1869)CB80 [=Lipura inermisW39, Aphorura inermisW39; incl. Podura fimetaria Linnaeus 1767 non Linnaeus 1758W39, CB80, *Adicranus fimetariusCB80, Anurophorus fimetariusS00, Aphorura fimetariaS00, Lipura fimetariaW39, Onychiurus fimetariusCB80, O. justi Denis 1938 (nom. inv.)CB80, Aphorura stillicidiiS00, Lipura stillicidiiS00, L. wrightii Carp. 1895W39, Aphorura wrightiiS00]
Onychiurus (Onychiurus) millsi Chamberlain 1943 [=*Neonychiurus millsi; incl. Onychiuroides michelbacheri Bagnall 1948, *Metonychiurus michelbacheri]CB80
Onychiurus (Protaphorura Absolon 1901) [incl. Handschiniella Bagnall 1949, Hymenaphorura Bagnall 1948, Kalaphorura Absolon 1901, Protaphorurodes Bagnall 1949, Psyllaphorura Bagnall 1948, Supraphorura Stach 1954]CB80
Onychiurus (*Protaphorura) armatus (Tullberg 1869)CB80 [=Lipura armataCB80, Aphorura armataW39; incl. O. armatus var. denticulataW39, O. armatus var. inermis non Lipura inermis Tullberg 1869W39]
Onychiurus (Protaphorura) cocklei (Folsom 1908) [=Aphorura cocklei; incl. O. irregularis Chamberlain 1943, A. lutea Bacon 1913, A. montis Bacon 1913]CB80
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 2. Families Onychiuridae and Isotomidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).
[H06] Hassanin, A. 2006. Phylogeny of Arthropoda inferred from mitochondrial sequences: strategies for limiting the misleading effects of multiple changes in pattern and rates of substitution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 100–116.
[HO09] Hejnol, A., M. Obst, A. Stamatakis, M. Ott, G. W. Rouse, G. D. Edgecombe, P. Martinez, J. Baguña, X. Bailly, U. Jondelius, M. Wiens, W. E. G. Müller, E. Seaver, W. C. Wheeler, M. Q. Martindale, G. Giribet & C. W. Dunn. 2009. Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 276 (1677): 4261–4270.
[MWH88] Moore, J. C., D. E. Walter & H. W. Hunt. 1988. Arthropod regulation of micro- and mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs. Annual Review of Entomology 33: 419–439.
[S00] Schäffer, C. 1900. Ueber württembergische Collembola. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 56: 245–280, pl. 2.
[TM86] Thibaud, J.-M., & Z. Massoud. 1986. Insecta: Collembola. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 616–617. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[V73] Vuilleumier, F. 1973. Insular biogeography in continental regions. II. Cave faunas from Tessin, southern Switzerland. Systematic Zoology 22 (1): 64-76.
[WM70] Wallace, M. M. H., & I. M. Mackerras. 1970. The entognathous hexapods. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 205–216. Melbourne University Press.
[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.