Syndermata

Belongs within: Gnathifera.
Contains: Bdelloida, Acanthocephala, Ploima, Gnesiotrocha.

The Syndermata, rotifers and thorny-headed worms, are a clade of animals characterised by their syncytial epidermis (Sørensen & Giribet 2006).

Syndermata [Eurotatoria, Rotifera, Rotatoria, Trochata]
    |--Hemirotifera [Digononta, Lemniscea]SG06
    |    |--BdelloidaSG06
    |    `--+--AcanthocephalaSG06
    |       `--SeisonideaSG06
    |            |--ParaseisonSG06
    |            `--SeisonSG06
    |                 |--S. annulatusKF00
    |                 `--S. nebaliaeSG06
    `--MonogonontaSG06
         |  i. s.: EpiphanesSG06
         |         Anuraea [Anuraeidae]D01
         |           |--A. acuminataD01
         |           |--A. longispinaD01
         |           `--A. testudoD01
         |         MetopidiidaeD01
         |           |--Monostyla quadridentataD01
         |           |--Metopidia lepadellaD01
         |           |--DistylaD01
         |           |    |--D. appendiculata Daday 1901D01
         |           |    `--D. ludwigiD01
         |           `--CathypnaD01
         |                |--C. appendiculataD01
         |                |--C. diomisD01
         |                `--C. lunaD01
         |         Salpina [Salpinidae]D01
         |           |--S. brevispinaD01
         |           |--S. macracanthaD01
         |           |--S. mucronataD01
         |           |--S. spinigeraD01
         |           `--S. ventralisD01
         |         Dinocharis [Dinocharidae]D01
         |           `--D. pocillumD01
         |         Mastigocerca [Rattulidae]D01
         |           |--M. carinata [incl. M. carinata var. microstyla Daday 1901]D01
         |           |--M. cornutaD01
         |           |--M. elongataD01
         |           `--M. rattusD01
         |         Megalotrocha semibullataD01
         |--PloimaSG06
         `--GnesiotrochaSG06

Syndermata incertae sedis:
  Zelinkiella synaptae (Zelinka 1888) [=Discopus synaptae]BK77
  Acanthosentis tilapiaeZHT01
  ‘Hydatina’ Ehrenberg 1828 non Schumacher 1817 [Hydatinidae]BR05
  Sacculus Gosse 1851BR05
  Argonotholca Gillard 1948R60
    `--A. foliacea (Ehrb. 1838) [=Notholca foliacea]R60
  Brycella Remane 1929R60
    `--B. tenella (Bryce 1897) [=Stephanops tenellus, Squatinella tenella]R60
  Conochiloides Hlava 1904R60
    `--C. coenobasis Skorikov 1914R60
  Cupelopagis Forbes 1882R60 [AtrochidaePH10]
    `--C. vorax (Leidy 1857)R60
  Diplois Gosse 1886R60
    `--D. daviesiae Gosse 1886R60
  Dissotrocha Bryce 1910R60
    |--D. aculeata (Ehrb. 1832) [incl. D. aculeata f. dukesi Russell 1959]R60
    `--D. macrostyla (Ehrb. 1838) [=Philodina macrostyla]R60
  Epihanes Ehrenberg 1832R60
    |--E. brachionus (Ehrb. 1837) [=Notops brachionus]R60
    `--E. senta (Muller 1773) [=Hydatina senta; incl. H. monopus Hilgendorf 1898]R60
  Eudactylota Manfredi 1927R60
    `--E. eudactylota (Gosse 1886) [=Scaridium eudactylotum]R60
  Hexarthra Schmarda 1854R60 [HexarthridaePH10]
    |--H. brandorffiPH10
    |--H. fennica (Levander 1892) [=Pedalia fennica]R60
    |--H. intermedia (Wisniewski 1929) [=Pedalia intermedia]R60
    |--H. mira (Hudson 1871) [=Pedalia mira]R60
    `--H. propinqua (Bartos 1948) [=Pedalia propinqua]R60
  Limnias Schrank 1803R60
    |--L. ceratophylli Schrank 1803R60
    `--L. ingenitaG20
  Macrotrachela Milne 1886R60
    |--M. ehrenbergii (Janson 1893) [=Callidina ehrenbergii]R60
    |--M. habita (Bryce 1894) [=Callidina habita]R60
    |--M. microcornis (Murray 1911) [=Callidina microcornis]R60
    |--M. multispinosa Thompson 1892 [=Callidina multispinosa]R60
    |--M. musculosa Milne 1886 [=Callidina musculosa]R60
    |--M. papillosa Thompson 1892 [=Callidina papillosa]R60
    |--M. plicata (Bryce 1892) [=Callidina plicata]R60
    `--M. quadricornifera Milne 1886 [=Callidina quadricornifera]R60
  Mniobia Bryce 1910R60
    |--M. magna (Plate 1889) [=Callidina magna]R60
    |--M. scabrosa Murray 1911R60
    `--M. symbiotica (Zelinka 1886)R60
  Philodinavus Harring 1913R60
    `--P. paradoxus (Murray 1905) [=Microdina paradoxa]R60
  Pleutra Bryce 1910R60
    |--P. alpium (Ehrb. 1853)R60
    |--P. brycei (Weber 1898)R60
    `--P. humerosa (Murray 1905)R60
  Rhinoglena Ehrenberg 1853R60
    `--R. frontalis Ehrb. 1853 [incl. Rhinops vitrea Hudson 1869]R60
  Russelletia Sudzuki 1959R60
    `--R. parrotti (Russell 1947) [=Lindia parrotti]R60
  Scepanotrocha Bryce 1910R60
    `--S. rubra Bryce 1910R60
  Squatinella Bory de St Vincent 1826R60
    |--S. rostrum (Schmarda 1846) [incl. S. lamellaris Harring 1913]R60
    `--S. tridentata [incl. S. tridentata var. mutica (Ehrb. 1832)]R60
  CallidinaR60
    |--C. bihamata Hudson & Gosse 1886 (n. d.)R60
    |--C. quadridens Hilgendorf 1898 (n. d.)R60
    `--C. tetraodon Ehrenberg 1848 (n. d.)R60
  Planoventer varicolor Hilgendorf 1898 (n. d.)R60
  Colurus leptusPP64
  Pterodina clypeataPP64
  Diglena marinaPP64
  EcclissaG20
    |--E. sacculusG20
    `--E. utriculataG20
  Rotifer redivivusG20
  Bryceella stylataV63