Belongs within: Tephritoidea.
Contains: Acanthonevrini, Bactrocera, Tephritis, Rhagoletis, Aciurina.
The Tephritidae include the fruit flies, a number of species of which are significant agricultural pests. The greater number of species are fruit- or seed-feeders as larvae. A number of Phytalmyiinae are saprophages in habitats such as fallen wood or damaged bamboo and some Tephritinae feed within induced galls in plant tissue (Norrbom 2010). Many tephritids are strikingly patterned, particularly on the wings. These patterned wings may be rotated in a paddle-like movement in courtship displays.
Within the family, members of the subfamily Dacinae are characterised by the absence of postpronotal, dorsocentral, katepisternal and ocellar bristles (Foote & Steyskal 1987). The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a widespread pest of commercial fruit trees in Eurasia, Africa and South Africa that has also been subject to eradication programs in North America and Australia.
Members of the Tephritinae have the wing cell cup closed by a concavely bent vein, with the posteroapical corner of the cell being drawn into a point. The majority of Tephritinae breed in species of Asteraceae. Myopitinae have the apical closing vein of cup transverse or slightly convexly bent and the cell is not apically pointed (Foote & Steyskal 1987). Blepharoneura has a large seta just anterior to the vertical phragma on the anepisternum, an elongate and strongly convex prementum and rows on spinules on the labella (Norrbom 2010).
Characters (from Colless & McAlpine 1991): Incurved lower fronto-orbital bristles present; ocelli present; Sc usually bent forward distally towards costa almost at a right angle, costa broken at end of Sc, vein R1 setulose above; S1 and S2 separate; abdominal segment 6 of female usually well developed.
<==Tephritidae [Trupaneidae, Trypaneidae, Trypetidae]
|--Blepharoneura [Blepharoneurinae]N10
| |--B. atomariaN10
| `--B. femoralisN10
|--Phytalmyiinae [Phytalmiidae]N10
| | i. s.: PhytalmiaGE05
| | |--P. alcicornisGE05
| | |--P. mouldsiCM91
| | `--P. robertsiO98
| | DiplochordaCM74
| `--AcanthonevriniDK08
|--TrypetinaeN10
| |--Acidia speciosaK01
| `--TrypetaN10
| |--T. acuticornisK01
| |--T. costaricanaN10
| |--T. inclinataN10
| |--T. lappaeK01
| |--T. rufataN10
| `--T. tussilaginisRD77
|--Myopitinae [Euribiinae, Urophorinae]FS87
| |--Rhynencina longirostrisFS87
| |--Euribia Meigen 1800BR05
| `--UrophoraFS87
| |--U. affinisG05
| |--U. carduiHW96
| |--U. jaceana [incl. U. solstitialis]RD77
| |--U. macruraK01
| |--U. mauraK01
| |--U. quadrifasciataHW96
| |--U. radiata Macquart 1847E12 [=Uroptera (l. c.) radiataL49]
| |--U. sirunasevaHW96
| `--U. stylataHW96
|--DacinaeN10
| | i. s.: DacusFS87
| | |--D. aequalis Coquillet 1909C09
| | |--D. (Austrodacus) cucumisCM91
| | |--D. dorsalisFS87
| | |--D. (Afrodacus) jarvisiCM91
| | |--D. longicornisC09
| | |--D. neohumeralisVM72
| | |--D. oleae [=Oscinis oleae]L49
| | `--D. tsuneonisRD77
| | BactroceraN10
| | CeratitisN10
| | |--C. capitataN10
| | `--C. giffardiiB88
| | Toxotrypana curvicaudaFS87, N10
| `--GastrozoniniDK08
| |--Cyrtostola limbata (Hendel 1915)DK08
| `--Paraxarnuta anephelobasis Hardy 1973DK08
`--TephritinaeN10
| i. s.: PliomelaenaH03
| StephanotrypetaH03
| |--*S. brevicostaH03
| `--S. nigrofemorataH03
| TephritisN10
| EutretaN10
| |--E. distinctaN10
| |--E. frontalisFS87
| `--E. xanthochaetaN10
| CecidocharesN10
| |--C. connexaN10 [=Procecidochares connexaW03]
| `--C. fluminensisN10
| MyolejaFS87
| AnastrephaFS87
| |--A. avispaN10
| |--A. fraterculusN10
| |--A. grandiculaN10
| |--A. ludensN10
| |--A. manihotiN10
| |--A. obliquaN10
| |--A. suspensaN10
| `--A. tripunctataN10
| Hexachaeta validaFS87, N10
| ParaterelliaFS87
| OedicarenaFS87
| |--O. latifronsR84
| |--O. nigraN10
| `--O. persuasaN10
| ZonosemataFS87
| |--Z. electaN10
| |--Z. guybushiN10
| `--Z. vittigeraN10
| Callachna gibbaFS87
| Peronyma sarcinataFS87
| StenopaFS87
| |--S. mexicanaN10
| `--S. vulnerataFS87
| Cecidocharella borrichiaFS87
| ProcecidocharoidesFS87
| |--P. flavissimaN10
| |--P. penelopeN10
| `--P. pullatusN10
| ProcecidocharesFS87
| |--P. alaniN10
| |--P. gibbaN10
| |--P. minutaGT96
| `--P. utilisN10
| Chaetostomella undosaFS87
| Orellia lappaeFS87, F92
| NeaspilotaFS87
| Chetostoma californicumFS87, N10
| Epochra canadensisFS87
| Strauzia longipennisFS87
| EnsinaFS87
| |--E. longicepsN10
| `--E. sonchiFS87
| RhagoletisFS87
| OxynaFS87
| |--O. argyrocephalaK01
| |--O. elongatulaK01
| |--O. flavipennisK01
| `--O. parvulaK01
| RhagoletotrypetaFS87
| |--R. intermediaN10
| |--R. morganteiN10
| |--R. parallelaN10
| `--R. rohweriN10
| EuleiaFS87
| GymnocarenaFS87
| |--G. brunneaN10
| |--G. diffusaN10
| |--G. macalpineiN10
| `--G. mexicanaN10
| MylogymnocarenaFS87
| EurostaFS87
| |--E. commaFS87
| `--E. solidaginisJL02
| AcidogonaFS87 [incl. XenochaetaN10]
| |--A. dichromataN10
| |--A. melanuraN10
| `--A. steckiN10
| Icterica seriataFS87
| Xanthomyia platypteraFS87
| Jamesomyia geminataFS87
| XanthaciuraFS87
| |--X. bipunctaN10
| `--X. insectaN10
| TrupaneaFS87
| |--T. actinobolaFS87
| |--T. bisetosaHGT96
| |--T. bullockiN10
| |--T. jonesiHGT96
| |--T. nigricornisN10
| |--T. simulataN10
| `--T. vicinaN10
| DyseuarestaFS87
| |--D. bilineataN10
| |--D. mexicanaN10
| |--D. sobrinataN10
| `--D. trinotataN10
| Valentibulla californicaFS87
| AciurinaFS87
| Paracantha Coquillett 1899FS87, C00
| |--*P. culta [=Carphotricha culta, Scriptotricha (l. c.) culta]C00
| |--P. gentilisN10
| |--P. ruficallosaN10
| `--P. trinotataN10
| TomoplagiaFS87
| |--T. obliquaFS87
| |--T. propleuralisN10
| |--T. quadriseriataN10
| `--T. stoneiN10
| EuarestaFS87
| |--E. aequalisN10
| |--E. bullansCM91
| |--E. reticulataN10
| |--E. stigmaticaN10
| `--E. tobaN10
| Gonioxyna fuscataFS87
| DioxynaFS87
| |--D. peregrinaN10
| |--D. picciola [=Paroxyna picciola]HGT96
| |--D. sororculaHGT96
| `--D. thomaeHGT96
| Campiglossa [incl. Paroxyna]N10
| |--C. albicepsHGT96
| |--‘Paroxyna’ clathrataFS87
| `--C. genalisN10
| AciniaFS87
| |--A. eluta [=Trypeta eluta]L49
| |--A. leontodontis [incl. Dacus scabiosae]L49
| |--A. picturataN10
| `--A. radiata [=Tephritis radiata]L49
| NeotephritisFS87
| |--N. cinereaN10
| |--N. finalisN10
| |--N. ravaN10
| `--N. semifuscaN10
| Metatephritis fenestrataFS87
| TetreuarestaFS87
| |--T. barticaN10
| |--T. heringiN10
| `--T. obscuriventrisN10
| Euarestoides acutangulusFS87, N10
| Acrotaenia testudineaFS87, N10
| Cryptotreta cislimitensisFS87, N10
| AcidoxanthaO98
|--XyphosiiniH03
|--NoeetaHW96 [NoeetiniH03]
| `--N. pupillataHW96
`--AxiothauminiH03
|--AxiothaumaH03
|--CryptophorelliaH03
|--OrthocanthoidesH03
`--Terpnodesma Munro 1956H03
|--*T. taeniaptera (Bezzi 1923) [=Terellia taeniaptera, Stephanotrypeta taeniaptera]H03
`--T. vittata (Freidberg 1979) [=Stephanotrypeta vittata]H03
Tephritidae incertae sedis:
Pseudacidia clothoZ02
StemonoceraGE05
Schistopterum moebiusi Becker 1903DK08
AustronevraZS10
AdramaZS10
Trirhithrum coffeaeBM76
PseudophorelliaN10
|--P. anypsilonN10
`--P. hansoniN10
Alujamyia farriN10
Ceratodacus longicornisN10
Agallamyia pendulaN10
PyrgotoidesN10
|--*P. crassipesN10
`--P. peruvianusN10
CryptodacusN10
|--C. lopeziN10
|--C. obliquusN10
|--C. silvaiN10
`--C. tauN10
HaywardinaN10
|--H. bimaculataN10
`--H. cuculiN10
Molynocoelia luteaN10
EpochrinopsisN10
GoedeniaN10
|--G. caurinaN10
`--G. grineliaeN10
ParastenopaN10
|--P. elegansN10
`--P. limataN10
Rachiptera luculentaN10
*Caenoriata pertinaxN10
*Euarestopsis pauperaN10
Neotaracia imoxN10
Polionota kohnaeN10
Neomyopites tresmiliusN10
EuphrantaN10
|--E. canadensisN10
`--E. mexicanaN10
CarpomyaN10
|--C. ticaN10
`--C. vesuvianaO98
Lamproxyna nitidulaN10
TerelliaN10
|--T. longicaudaF92
|--T. occidentalisN10
|--T. palposaN10
`--T. serratulaeHW96
Acrotaeniacantha radiosaN10
BaryplegmaN10
|--B. apiataN10
`--B. pertusaN10
Ostracocoelia mirabilisN10
DictyotrypetaN10
|--*D. syssemaN10
|--D. crenulataN10
`--D. incisaN10
DracontomyiaN10
|--D. borrichiaN10
`--D. rivetiN10
PolymorphomyiaN10
|--P. basilicaN10
|--P. footeiN10
`--P. pilosulaN10
Pseudeutreta anteapicalisN10
Hetschkomyia maculipennisN10
LilloaciuraN10
Rhithrum vittatumN10
Lamproxynella impluviataN10
Pseudoedaspis decorataN10
Plaumannimyia [incl. Trypanaresta]N10
|--P. eugeniaN10
|--P. flavaN10
`--P. pallensN10
Homoeothrix lindigiN10
Lewinsohnia magnaN10
Neorhagoletis latifronsN10
Neosphaeniscus m-nigrumN10
Phacelochaeta quinquefasciataN10
CipomyiaN10
EutretopsisN10
Pseudopolionota radiansN10
OedaspoidesCM91
StyliaCM70
DacopsisO98
ThemaraO98
Alloeomyia flavidaO98
Philophylla heraclei [=Acidia heraclei]RD77
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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