Uropygi

Belongs within: Pedipalpi.
Contains: Thelyphoninae.

The Uropygi, whip-scorpions, are a group of tropical arachnids with raptorial pedipalps and an elongate filamentous post-pygidium (Harvey 2002). An alternative vernacular name, ‘vinegaroon’, comes from their possession of anal glands from which they spray unpleasant-smelling chemicals at threats.

Uropygi are divided between the families Thelyphonidae, in which a keel runs between the median and lateral eyes, and the Hypoctonidae, in which such a keel is absent (Rowland & Cooke 1973).

<==Uropygi [Holopeltidia, Oxopoei, Thelyphonida]
    |  i. s.: Etiennus africanus (Hentschel 1984)H02
    |         Proschizomus Dunlop & Horrocks 1996H02
    |         Mesoproctus Dunlop 1998H02
    |--Hypoctonidae [Hypoctoninae, Hypoctonini]RC73
    |    |--Thelyphonellus Pocock 1894RC73
    |    |    `--*T. amazonicus (Butler 1872)RC73
    |    |--Labochirus Pocock 1894RC73
    |    |    |--*L. proboscideus (Butler 1872)RC73
    |    |    |--L. cervinus Pocock 1900RC73
    |    |    `--L. tauricornis Pocock 1900RC73
    |    `--Hypoctonus Thorell 1889RC73
    |         |--*H. formosus (Butler 1872)RC73 [=Thelyphonus formosusT89; incl. T. angustus Stoliczka 1873T89]
    |         |--H. africanus Hentschel 1899RC73
    |         |--H. andersoni (Oates 1890)RC73
    |         |--H. binghami (Oates 1890)RC73
    |         |--H. birmanicus Hirst 1911RC73
    |         |--H. browni Gravely 1912RC73
    |         |--H. carmichaeli Gravely 1916RC73
    |         |--H. clarki Cooke & Shadab 1973RC73
    |         |--H. dawnae Gravely 1912RC73
    |         |--H. ellisii Gravely 1912RC73
    |         |--H. gastrostictus Kraepelin 1897RC73
    |         |--H. granosus Pocock 1900RC73
    |         |--H. kraepelini Simon 1901RC73
    |         |--H. oatesi Pocock 1900RC73
    |         |--H. proboscideus (Butler 1872) [=Thelyphonus proboscideus; incl. T. parvimanus Butler 1873]K92
    |         |--H. rangunensis (Oates 1890)RC73
    |         |--H. saxatilis (Oates 1890)RC73
    |         |--H. silvaticus (Oates 1890)RC73
    |         |--H. stoliczkae Gravely 1912RC73
    |         `--H. woodmasoni (Oates 1890)RC73
    `--Thelyphonidae [Telyphonidae, Thelyphonoidae]H04b
         |  i. s.: Prothelyphonus Fritsch 1904F04
         |           |--P. bohemicus (Kušta 1884) [=Thelyphonus bohemicus, Geralinura bohemica]F04
         |           |--P. cordai Fritsch 1904F04
         |           `--P. naufragus Brauckmann & Koch 1983S93
         |         Geralinura Scudder 1884F04, H02
         |           |--G. crassa Kušta 1888F04
         |           |--G. noctua Kušta 1888F04
         |           `--G. scudderi Kušta 1888F04
         |--ThelyphoninaeRC73
         |--Typopeltis Pocock 1894 [incl. Gipopeltis Speijer 1934; Typopeltinae]RC73
         |    |--*T. crucifer Pocock 1900RC73
         |    |--T. amurensis (Tarnani 1889)RC73
         |    |--T. cantonensis Speijer 1936 [incl. Mastigoproctus transoceanicus Lazell 2000]H04b
         |    |--T. dalyi Pocock 1900RC73
         |    |--T. harmandi Kraepelin 1901 [=*Gipopeltis harmandi]RC73
         |    |--T. kamahouii Tarnani 1900RC73
         |    |--T. kasnakowi Tarnani 1900H04a
         |    |--T. magnificus Haupt 2004H04a
         |    |--T. niger (Tarnani 1894)H04b
         |    |--T. sinensis Butler 1872H04b
         |    |--T. stimpsoni (Wood 1862)RC73
         |    `--T. tarnanii Pocock 1902RC73
         `--Mastigoproctinae [Mastigoproctidae, Uroproctinae]RC73
              |--Teltus Speijer 1936RC73
              |    `--*T. vanoorti Speijer 1936RC73
              |--Uroproctus Pocock 1894RC73
              |    `--*U. assamensis (Stoliczka 1869)RC73
              |--Amauromastigon Mello-Leitão 1931RC73
              |    `--*A. annectens (Werner 1916)RC73 [=Mastigoproctus annectensJ98]
              |--Mimoscorpius Pocock 1894RC73
              |    `--*M. pugnator (Butler 1872)RC73
              `--Mastigoproctus Pocock 1894RC73
                   |--*M. giganteus (Lucas 1835)RC73
                   |--M. baracoensis Franganillo 1931RC73
                   |--M. brasilianus (Koch 1843)H04b
                   |--M. butleri Pocock 1894RC73
                   |--M. colombianus Mello-Leitao 1940RC73
                   |--M. formidabilis Hirst 1912RC73
                   |--M. liochirus Pocock 1902RC73
                   |--M. maximus (Tarnani 1889)RC73
                   |--M. minensis Mello-Leitao 1931RC73
                   |--M. perditus Mello-Leitao 1931RC73
                   |--M. proscorpio (Latreille 1806)RC73
                   `--M. tantalus Roewer 1954RC73

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[F04] Fritsch, A. 1904. Palaeozoische Arachniden. Selestverlag: Prague.

[H02] Harvey, M. S. 2002. The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders? Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 357–372.

[H04a] Haupt, J. 2004a. A new species of whipscorpion from Laos (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 151–155.

[H04b] Haupt, J. 2004b. Mastigoproctus transoceanicus a synonym of Typopeltis cantonensis (Arachnida, Uropygi, Thelyphonidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 157–162.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[RC73] Rowland, J. M., & J. A. L. Cooke. 1973. Systematics of the arachnid order Uropygida (=Thelyphonida). Journal of Arachnology 1: 55–71.

[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.

[T89] Thorell, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XXI.—Aracnidi Artrogastri Birmani raccolti da L. Fea nel 1885–1887. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 521–729.