Vaccinieae

Belongs within: Vaccinioideae.

The Vaccinieae is a clade within the Ericaceae including Vaccinium (blueberries, cranberries, etc.) and related taxa. They are distinguished from closely related taxa by production of fleshy fruits though the fruit testa may vary from thin (e.g. Vaccinium) to bony (e.g. Gaylussacia). The berries of many Vaccinium species are widely eaten by humans, such as the lowbush blueberry V. angustifolium and common cranberry V. oxycoccos. Other members include the southeast Asian genus Agapetes, mostly epiphytic shrubs with flowers bearing usually long, tubular or cylindric corollas.

Characters (from Kron et al. 2002): Shrubs, small trees, or lianas, often epiphytic. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, non-ericoid, entire or serrate, convolute in bud. Leaf epidermal cells not lignified. Indumentum of short- to long-stalked glandular or non-glandular hairs. Inflorescence usually axillary, rarely terminal, paniculate, racemose or fasciculate, or solitary axillary flowers; bracts present, bracteoles usually paired, variable in position; calyx articulated with pedicel or not. Flowers usually 4- or 5-merous, rarely 3 or 6-7-merous, actinomorphic. Calyx lobes small to large, persistent, calyx winged or not; corolla almost always sympetalous, usually urceolate or tubular, sometimes winged, the lobes small to large. Stamens 5-10(-14), the filaments more or less straight, sometimes connate, unicellular pubescent, roughened, or smooth, sometimes spurred (with either one spur or, more commonly, a pair of spurs) on the anther-filament junction; anthers slightly to clearly roughened, usually lacking disintegration tissue, usually with tubules, dehiscing by pores or slitlike pores at end of tubules. Ovary (3-)4-5(-7)-locular, or 10-locular due to secondary division of each locule, with axile placentation, inferior; style impressed; stigma more or less truncate. Fruit fleshy, a berry or 10-pitted drupe; seeds with short to elongate testa cells; embryo with 2 cotyledons.

<==Vaccinieae [Polycarposae, Thibaudieae, Vacciniiae]
    |--Costera endertiiKJ02
    |--Themistoclesia costaricensisKJ02
    |--Disterigma trimerumKJ02
    |--AnthopteropsisKJ02
    |--AnthopterusKJ02
    |--DemosthenesiaKJ02
    |--DidonicaKJ02
    |--DiogenesiaKJ02
    |--LateroporaKJ02
    |--NotoporaKJ02
    |--OreanthesKJ02
    |--PellegriniaKJ02
    |--PolyclitaKJ02
    |--RusbyaKJ02
    |--SemiramisiaKJ02
    |--SiphonandraKJ02
    |--UtleyaKJ02
    |--Symphysia Presl 1827KJ02, L95
    |    `--S. racemosa (Vahl) Stearn 1972 (see below for synonymy)L95
    |--CavendishiaKJ02
    |    |--C. complectensKJ02
    |    `--C. tarapotanaKJ02
    |--SatyriaKJ02
    |    |--S. meianthaKJ02
    |    `--S. warszewicziiKJ02
    |--PaphiaKJ02
    |    |--P. meinianaKJ02
    |    `--P. stenanthaKJ02
    |--Gonocalyx Planchon & Linden ex Lindley 1856KJ02, L95
    |    |--G. concolor Nevling 1970L95
    |    |--G. portoricensis (Urb.) Smith 1932 (see below for synonymy)L95
    |    `--G. smilacifoliusKJ02
    |--ThibaudiaKJ02
    |    |--T. densifloraS56
    |    |--T. rauhii Smith 1956S56
    |    `--T. regularisS56
    |--PsammisiaKJ02
    |    |--P. columbianaKJ02
    |    |--P. dolichopodaKJ02
    |    `--P. scleranthaKJ02
    |--GaylussaciaKJ02
    |    |--G. baccataKSM06
    |    |--G. frondosaKJ02
    |    |--G. nanaKJ02
    |    `--G. ursinaEBS98
    |--CeratostemaKJ02
    |    |--C. callistum Smith 1956S56
    |    |--C. lanigerumKJ02
    |    |--C. pensileS56
    |    `--C. peruvianumS56
    |--SphyrospermumKJ02
    |    |--S. buxifoliumKJ02
    |    |--S. cordifoliumKJ02
    |    |--S. majusJ87
    |    `--S. venustum Smith 1956S56
    |--MacleaniaKJ02
    |    |--M. bullataKJ02
    |    |--M. insignisKJ02
    |    |--M. rotundifoliaKJ02
    |    `--M. rupestrisKJ02
    |--DimorphantheraKJ02
    |    |--D. albaH03
    |    |--D. amoenaKJ02
    |    |--D. amplifoliaH03
    |    |--D. arfakensisH03
    |    |--D. bracteataH03
    |    |--D. collinsiiH03
    |    |    |--D. c. var. collinsiiH03
    |    |    `--D. c. var. montis-wilhelmiH03
    |    |--D. dekockiiKJ02
    |    |--D. glaucaH03
    |    |--D. longistylaH03
    |    |--D. napuensisH03
    |    |--D. papillataH03
    |    |--D. pulchraH03
    |    |--D. tedentiiH03
    |    |--D. viridifloraH03
    |    |--D. wisselensisH03
    |    `--D. womersleyiH03
    |         |--D. w. var. womersleyiH03
    |         `--D. w. var. continuaH03
    |--AgapetesKJ02
    |    |--A. affinisBB05
    |    |--A. boriiBB05
    |    |--A. buxifoliaBB05
    |    |--A. forrestiiBB05
    |    |--A. hosseanaKJ02
    |    |--A. incurvataBB05
    |    |--A. interdictaBB05
    |    |--A. kudukiiH03
    |    |--A. meinianaH03
    |    |--A. mitrarioides Hooker ex Clarke 1881B03
    |    |--A. neriifoliaBSM03
    |    |    |--A. n. var. neriifoliaBSM03
    |    |    |--A. n. var. maximaBSM03
    |    |    `--A. n. var. minor (King & Prain) Airy Shaw 1958 [=Desmogyne minor King & Prain 1901]BSM03
    |    |--A. obovataDD73
    |    |--A. odontoceraBB05
    |    |--A. prostrataH03
    |    |--A. refractaBB05
    |    |--A. scortechiniiKJ02
    |    |--A. serpensBB05
    |    |    |--A. s. var. serpensBB05
    |    |    `--A. s. var. albaBB05
    |    |--A. shungolensisH03
    |    `--A. sleumerianaH03
    `--VacciniumMK08
         |--V. acuminatissimumH03
         |    |--V. a. f. acuminatissimumH03
         |    `--V. a. f. ellipticumH03
         |--V. albicansH03
         |--‘Dimorphanthera’ albidaH03
         |--V. altiterraeH03
         |--V. ampullaceumKJ02
         |--V. angustifoliumDC10
         |--V. bancanumM77
         |    |--V. b. var. bancanumM77
         |    `--V. b. var. tenuinervium [incl. Mastixia gracilis King 1902]M77
         |--V. borneenseH03
         |--V. bracteatumH03
         |--V. caespitosum [incl. V. arbuscula, V. nivictum]H93
         |--V. candidumH03
         |--V. cercidifoliumKJ02
         |--V. consanguineumMM96
         |--V. coriaceumH03
         |    |--V. c. var. coriaceumH03
         |    `--V. c. var. hirsuticalyxH03
         |--V. corymbosumKJ02
         |--V. crenatumKJ02
         |--V. deliciosumH93
         |--V. dendrocharisPS06
         |    |--V. d. ssp. dendrocharisPS06
         |    `--V. d. ssp. talle Panda & Sanjappa 2006PS06
         |--V. dominansH03
         |--V. dunalianumP05
         |--V. fissiflorumH03
         |--V. horizontaleH03
         |--V. leptospermoidesH03
         |--V. littoreumH03
         |--V. macrocarponKJ02 [=Oxycoccus macrocarpusC55]
         |--V. manipurensisDD73
         |--V. membranaceumH93
         |--V. meridionaleKJ02
         |--V. microcarpumKJ02
         |--V. miqueliiH03
         |--V. myrsinitesKJ02
         |--V. myrtillusKJ02
         |--V. nummulariaO88
         |--V. nuttalliiP05
         |--V. ovalifoliumV72
         |--V. ovatum [incl. V. ovatum var. saporosum]H93
         |--V. oxycoccosH03
         |--V. paradisearumH03
         |--V. parvifoliumH93
         |--V. poasanumKJ02
         |--V. reichwaldianumJD05
         |--V. reticulatumMK08
         |--V. retusumPS06
         |--V. scopariumH93
         |--V. sikkimenseO88
         |--V. stanleyiPB27
         |--V. striicauleH03
         |--V. subdissitifoliumP05
         |--V. tenaxH03
         |--V. uliginosumH03
         |    |--V. u. ssp. uliginosumH93
         |    `--V. u. ssp. occidentaleH93
         |--V. uniflorumH03
         |--V. vacciniaceumD07
         |--V. vacillansH03
         |--V. varingiaefoliumH03
         |--V. vitis-idaeaKJ02
         `--V. whitmeeiH03

Gonocalyx portoricensis (Urb.) Smith 1932 [=Thibaudia portoricensis Urb. 1899, Ceratostoma portoricensis (Urb.) Hoerold 1909]^L95

Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stearn 1972 [=Hornemannia racemosa Vahl 1810, Vaccinium racemosum (Vahl) Wilbur & Luteyn 1977; incl. H. alainii Acuña & Roig 1956, Thibaudia krugii Urb. & Hoerold in Urb. 1908]^L95

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B03] Banik, D. 2003. Re-collection of Agapetes mitrarioides Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke (Ericaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 209–212.

[BB05] Banik, D., & P. Bujarbarua. 2005. Lichens on Agapetes D. Don ex G. Don (Ericaceae) in India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47: 59–62.

[BSM03] Banik, D., A. Sharma & Muthu. J. 2003. Agapetes neriifolia (King & Prain) Airy Shaw var. minor (King & Prain) Airy Shaw—a new record for India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 213–216.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[D07] Dash, S. S. 2007. Useful plants of Kabi Sacred Grove, Sikkim. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 79–88.

[DD73] Deb, D. B., & R. M. Dutta. 1973. Contribution to the flora of Tirap Frontier Division. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 547–573.

[DC10] Drummond, F. A., J. A. Collins, B. Choate, D. Woodman, D. T. Jennings, H. Y. Forsythe, Jr & J. C. Cokendolpher. 2010. Harvestman (Opiliones) fauna associated with Maine lowbush blueberry fields in the major production areas of Washington and Hancock counties. Environmental Entomology 39 (5): 1428–1440.

[EBS98] Elliott, K. J., L. R. Boring & W. T. Swank. 1998. Changes in vegetation structure and diversity after grass-to-forest succession in a southern Appalachian watershed. American Midland Naturalist 140: 219–232.

[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[JD05] Junge, F. W., M. Dolezych, H. Walther, T. Böttger, A. Kühl, L. Kunzmann, P. Morgenstern, T. Steinberg & R. Stange. 2005. Ein Fenster in Landschaft und Vegetation vor 37 Millionen Jahren: Lithologische, sedimentgeochemische und paläobotanische Befunde aus einem Paläoflusssystem des Weißelsterbeckens. Mauritiana 19 (2): 185–273.

[KSM06] King, R. C., W. D. Stansfield & P. K. Mulligan. 2006. A Dictionary of Genetics 7^th ed. Oxford University Press.

[KJ02] Kron, K. A., W. S. Judd, P. F. Stevens, D. M. Crayn, A. A. Anderberg, P. A. Gadek, C. J. Quinn & J. L. Luteyn. 2002. Phylogenetic classification of Ericaceae: molecular and morphological evidence. Botanical Review 68: 335–423.

[L95] Liogier, H. A. 1995. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: Spermatophyta-Dicotyledoneae vol. 4. Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.

[M77] Matthew, K. M. 1977. Cornaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series I—Spermatophyta, Flowering Plants 8 (2): 85–97.

[MK08] Mockford, E. L., & P. D. Krushelnycky. 2008. New species and records of Liposcelis Motschulsky (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) from Hawaii with first description of the male of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Zootaxa 1766: 53–68.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[P05] Panda, S. 2005. Gaultheria brevistipes (C.Y. Wu & T.Z. Hsu) R.C. Fang (Ericaceae)—a new record for India from Talle Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47: 177–182.

[PS06] Panda, S., & M. Sanjappa. 2006. Three new taxa of Ericaceae from India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48: 157–164.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[S56] Smith, A. C. 1956. Studies of South American plants, XVI. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (4): 113–115.

[V72] Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium.