Belongs within: Diptera.
Contains: Tipulidae.
The Tipulomorpha are a clade of flies uniting the crane flies (Tipulidae) with the winter crane flies (Trichoceridae). Modern members of the lineage lack mandibles, and their wings have R2 joining R1, the stem of M tending to align with M3+4, and 2A very short and submarginal (Blagoderov et al. 2002). Trichoceridae differ from tipulids in the possession of three well-developed ocelli, together with an incomplete transverse suture on the scutum.
<==TipulomorphaWT11 |--Vladiptera [Vladipteridae]BLM02 | `--V. kovaleviBLM02 `--+--TipulidaeWT11 `--+--GnomuscidaeGE05 `--Trichoceridae [Petauristidae, Trichoceroidea]WT11 | i. s.: Mailotrichocera jurassicaBLM02 | Eotrichocera christinae Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev 1985RJ93 |--Kawasemyia [Kawasemyiinae]A81 |--Paracladura [Paracladurinae]K09 | `--P. trichopteraA81 `--TrichocerinaeK09 |--Diazosma hirtipennisK09 |--Nothotrichocera cingulataK09, CM91 `--TrichoceraK09 | i. s.: T. annulataCM91 | T. brevicornisWT11 | T. columbianaM90 | T. giganteaA81 | T. maculipennisA81 | T. mexicanaK09 | T. regelationisA81 | T. saltatorK09 |--T. (Metatrichocera)A81 | |--T. (M.) alexanderiA81 | |--T. (M.) coleiA81 | |--T. (M.) garrettiA81 | |--T. (M.) mackenzieA81 | |--T. (M.) salmaniA81 | `--T. (M.) ursamajorA81 `--T. (Oligotrichocera)P92 |--T. (O.) antiquaP92 `--T. (O.) primaevaP92
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A81] Alexander, C. P. 1981. Trichoceridae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 301–304. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
[BLM02] Blagoderov, V. A., E. D. Lukashevich & M. B. Mostovski. 2002. Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies (=Muscida Laicharting, 1781). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 227–240. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[K09] Krzemińska, E. 2009. Trichoceridae (winter crane flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 337–339. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.
[M90] McAlpine, J. F. 1990. Insecta: Diptera adults. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 1211–1252. John Wiley & Sones: New York.
[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.