Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Gyrinidae, Geadephaga, Dytiscoidea.
The Adephaga is a major clade of mostly predatory beetles. Adephaga have sometimes been divided between the terrestrial Geadephaga and the primarily aquatic Hydradephaga, with members of the latter having fringes of stiff hairs on the adult legs (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). However, as not all hydradephagan families are active swimmers and those that are often differ in their adaptations for swimming, it is possible that swimming has evolved multiple times.
Some analyses have supported the whirligig beetles of the Gyrinidae as the sister group of other living adephagans (Beutel et al. 2013). Permosialis, known from aquatic larvae from the Permian of Russia previously classified near Megaloptera, may represent a stem relative of the Gyrinidae. Living adephagans also include the Haliplidae, aquatic beetles that swim weakly by alternate movement of the legs, and have extremely large hind coxal plates covering most of the abdominal ventrites (Roughley 2001). The Triassic genus Triaplus may represent a sister taxon to a clade including the modern Geadephaga, Haliplidae and Dytiscoidea (Beutel et al. 2013).
Synapomorphies (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Hind coxae immovable; abdominal sternite two divided by hind coxae; pygidial defense glands present; larvae prognathous, with labium and clypeus fused, mouthparts modified for liquid feeding.
<==Adephaga [Carabina, Caraboidea, Entomophaga, Glabricornia, Haliploidea, Hydradephaga, Hydrocanthari, Timarchopsinae] | i. s.: Tritarsus Hong 2002 [Tritarsusidae]H02 | `--*T. latus Hong 2002H02 |--+--GyrinidaeBW13 | `--Permosialidae [Perloblattidae, Permosialididae, Tologopteridae]R02 | |--PermonkaR02 | `--PermosialisBW13 [incl. SarbalopterodesR02, TologopteraR02] | |--P. asiaticaR02 | `--P. belmontensis Riek 1968F71 `--+--Triaplus [Triaplidae]BW13 | |--T. laticoxa Ponomarenko 1977BW13 | `--T. macroplatusRJ93 `--+--GeadephagaBW13 `--+--+--DytiscoideaBW13 | `--BolbonectesBW13 | |--B. intermedius Ponomarenko 1987RJ93 | `--B. occidentalis Ponomarenko 1993BW13 `--HaliplidaeBW13 |--Peltodytes Régimbart 1872BW13, R01 | | i. s.: P. edentulusR01 | | P. rotundatusRB02 | |--P. (Peltodytes) caesusVB21 | `--P. (Neopeltodytes Satô 1963)VB21, R01 | `--P. (N.) oppositusVB21 `--+--Brychius Thomson 1859BW13, R01 | |--B. albertanusR01 | |--B. elevatusVB21 | |--B. horniiR01 | |--B. hungerfordi Spangler 1954R01 | `--B. pacificusR01 `--+--Algophilus lathridioidesVB21 `--Haliplus Latreille 1802BW13, WM10 [incl. Cnemidotus Illiger 1802BB01, Hoplitus Clairville 1806BB01] | i. s.: H. bistriatus Wehncke 1880LM87 | H. bonariensis Steinh. 1869R89a | ‘Cnemidotus’ caesusC01 | H. gibbus Clarke 1862WM10, LM87 | H. mucronatusRB02 [incl. H. badiusR89a] | H. obconicus Régimbart 1888 [incl. H. gravidus]R89a | H. obliquus [=Dystiscus obliquus]L02 | H. pulchellus Clk. 1863 [incl. H. oceanicus Régb. 1886]R89b | H. robustus Sharp 1877 [incl. H. hydropicus]FS90 | H. ruficollisBP00 | H. timmsiWM10 | H. triopsisR01 | H. (Haliplinus Guignot 1939) (see below for synonymy)BB01 | H. (Paraliaphlus Guignot 1930)BB01 | `--H. (P.) leopardus Roberts 1913B14 | H. (Phalilus Guignot 1935)BB01 |--+--H. (Haliplidius Guignot 1928)VB21, BB01 | | `--H. (H.) confinisVB21 | `--+--H. (Haliplus)VB21 | | |--*H. (H.) impressus (Fabricius 1787) [=Dytiscus impressus]WM10 | | `--H. (H.) fluviatilisVB21 | `--H. (Liaphlus Guignot 1928)BW13, WM10 | |--H. (*L.) fulvus (Fabricius 1801) [=Dytiscus fulvus]WM10 | |--H. (L.) australis Clark 1862WM10, LM87 | |--H. (L.) halsei Watts & McRae 2010WM10 | |--H. (L.) laminatusVB21 | |--H. (L.) pilbaraensis Watts & McRae 2010WM10 | |--H. (L.) testudo Clark 1862WM10, LM87 | `--H. (L.) wattsiWM10 `--+--Apteraliplus Chandler 1943BW13, R01 | `--A. parvulus (Roberts 1913) [incl. Haliplus wallisi Hatch 1944]R01 `--H. (Neohaliplus Netolitzky 1911)BW13, WM10 [incl. Protohaliplus Scholz 1929BB01] |--H. (*N.) lineatocollis (Marsham 1802) [=Dytiscus lineatocollis]WM10 |--H. (N.) fortescueensis Watts & McRae 2010WM10 |--H. (N.) fuscatus Clark 1862WM10 `--H. (N.) pinderi Watts & McRae 2010WM10
Haliplus (Haliplinus Guignot 1939) [incl. Hoplites Kinel 1929 nec Koch 1869 nec Neumayr 1875 nec Eggers 1923]BB01
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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