Belongs within: Heterodonta.
Contains: Protocardiinae,Trachycardium (Acrosterigma), Laevicardium, Orthocardiinae, Cardiinae, Tridacninae, Fraginae.
The Cardiidae are a family of heterodont bivalves that first appeared in the Late Triassic. As well as the cockles that have generally been assigned to this family, it also includes the giant clams (Tridacninae) that were previously treated as a separate family. Both the Tridacninae and another subfamily, the Fraginae, contain endosymbiotic zooxanthellae in their mantle. Shells of Cardiidae are often variously ornamented; Trachycardium has the ribs ornamented with spines, whereas Laevicardiinae have rib ornamentation of looped threads or small nodes.
Nemocardium is a genus of cockles with shells bearing a radial sculpture of narrow ribs, usually no wider than they are high, with the posterior ribs more prominent than those elsewhere on the shell, at least early in ontogeny (Schneider 2002). Members of the genus Clinocardium have prosogyrate beaks and weakened ribs on the posterior slope.
Systematics of Cardiidae
Synapomorphies (Schneider 1995): Moderate ventral and lateral ridges present on foot; simple eyes present; distinctive shape of anterior and posterior cardinal teeth.
<==Cardiidae
|--PleurocardiinaeS02
| |--PleuriocardiaS02
| `--IncacardiumS02
|--Trachycardium Mörch 1853PB29 [Trachycardiinae]S02
| | i. s.: T. isocardiaWE63
| | T. muricatumWE63
| | T. quadragenarium (Conrad 1837)D80 (see below for synonymy)
| | T. serrulata (Deshayes 1855) [=Cardium serrulatum, Europicardium serrulatum]S02
| |--T. (Acrosterigma)S02
| `--T. (Regozara) Iredale 1936S02
| `--T. (*R.) olivifer (Iredale 1936)S02
|--LaevicardiinaeS02
| |--LaevicardiumKS02
| |--FulviaBRW98
| | |--F. aperta (Bruguière 1789)S-S90
| | |--F. australis (Sowerby 1834)WBS-S15
| | |--F. centifilosa [=Cardium (Fulvia) centifilosum]C64
| | |--F. laevigata (Linnaeus 1758)WBS-S15
| | `--F. tenuicostata (Lamarck 1819)BRW98, H09 [=Cardium tenuicostatumBRW98]
| `--NemocardiumS02
| |--*N. (N.) semiasperum [=Cardium semiasperum]F27
| |--N. alatum (Suter 1917) [=Protocardia alata]F27
| |--N. bechei (Reeve 1847)S02
| |--N. centrifilosum (Carpenter 1864)D80
| |--N. lyratumBRW98
| |--N. patulum (Hutton 1873) [=Cardium patulum, Protocardia patula; incl. P. sera Hutton 1873]F27
| `--N. semitectum Marwick 1926F27
`--+--+--+--AustrocardiumS02
| | `--IndocardiumS02
| `--ProfraginaeS02
| |--ProfragumS02
| `--+--EthmocardiumS02
| `--+--CriocardiumS02
| `--Granocardium kuemmeli (Weller 1907)S02
`--+--*Perucardia brueggeni Olsson 1944S02
`--+--OrthocardiinaeS02
`--+--Sawkinsia matleyi Cox 1941S02
`--+--CardiinaeS02
`--+--Maoricardium setosum (Redfield 1848)S02, WBS-S15
|--TridacninaeS02
|--FraginaeS02
|--PlagiocardiumS02
| |--P. frazeriBRW98
| `--P. granulosum (Lamarck 1805)S02
|--Lymnocardiinae [Lymnocardiidae]S02
| |--InaequicostataS02
| |--KubanocardiumS02
| |--ObsoletiformaS02
| `--Eoprosodacna (Eoprosodacna) kartlicum Davidaschvilli 1934SB93
`--Clinocardium [Clinocardiinae]S02
|--C. buellowi (Rolle 1896)XZ10
|--C. californiense (Deshayes 1857)XZ10
|--C. ciliatum (Fabricius 1780)XZ10
`--C. nuttalliiS02
Cardiidae incertae sedis:
Trapezicardium Kanjilal & Srinivasan 2002 [Trapezicardiinae]KS02
`--*T. laiensis Kanjilal & Srinivasan 2002KS02
ParvicardiumGW02
|--P. exiguumGW02
|--P. minimumGO06
`--P. pinnulatumGW02
HemicardiumH04
|--H. biangulatumC64
|--H. cardissaH04
|--H. graniferumC64
|--H. medium [incl. Cardium planicostatum]C64
`--H. obovaleC64
Lahillia Cossmann 1899 [Lahilliidae, Lahilliinae]S98
|--*L. angulata (Philippi 1887) [=Amathusia angulata]S98
|--L. australicaBRW98
|--L. larseni (Sharman & Newton 1897)S98
`--L. neozelanica Marshall & Murdoch 1923 [=L. (Lahilleona) neozelanica]S98
Monodacna caspia Eichw. 1841S01
Didacna trigonoides [=Cardium trigonoides]S01
Lophocardium annettae (Dall 1889)PP78
IntegricardiumJB12
Septocardia typica Hall & Whitfield 1877SB93
PachyrismellaSB93
PterocardiaSB93
SerripesC64
|--S. groenlandicus [=Cardium (Serripes) groenlandicum; incl. Aphrodite columba]C64
`--S. laperousiiC64
LiocardiumC64
|--L. apicinumC64
|--L. elatumC64
|--L. elenenseC64
|--L. mortoniC64
`--L. substriatum [=Cardium substriatum; incl. C. cruentatum Gould 1855]C64
Americardia lightbourni Lee & Huber 2012PMB15
Neocardium lyratumBRW98
ProtocardiinaeBRW98
TrigoniocardiaBRW98
|--T. biangulata (Broderip & Sowerby 1829)C68
`--T. mediaBRW98
VasticardiumWBS-S15
|--V. angulatum (Lamarck 1819)WBS-S15
|--V. dupuchense (Reeve 1845)WBS-S15
|--V. elongatumWBS-S15
| |--V. e. elongatumWBS-S15
| `--V. e. wilsoni (Voskuil & Onverwagt 1991)WBS-S15
|--V. fultoni (Sowerby 1916)WBS-S15
|--V. mendanaense (Sowerby 1897)WBS-S15
|--V. philippinense (Hedley 1899)WBS-S15
`--V. vertebratum (Jonas 1844)WBS-S15
EucardiumP71
|--E. echinatumP71
|--E. exiguumP71
|--E. minimumP71
|--E. papillosumP71
|--E. paucicostatumP71
`--E. tuberculatumP71
Trachycardium quadragenarium (Conrad 1837)D80 [=Cardium (Trachycardium) quadragenariumB56; incl. C. luteolabrumC64, C. xanthocheilumC64]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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