Belongs within: Cercopithecidae. Trachypithecus, leaf monkeys, is a genus of leaf-eating monkeys with distinct brow ridges found in southeast Asia. Sacred monkeys Published 11 August 2008 In this section, we’re considering the primate genus Semnopithecus. Once again, that’s a sentence that’s a bit easier to glibly write than it is to define. Semnopithecus includes the… Continue reading Trachypithecus
Category: Deuterostomia
Acanthuridae
Belongs within: Acanthuriformes.Contains: Acanthurus. Reef surgeons Published 22 July 2026 For better or worse, the chains of pop culture bind us all. And so, for the last couple of decades, if anyone is asked to picture a tropical fish, one of the first two examples to come to mind is going to be this: Commonly known… Continue reading Acanthuridae
Reclinata
Belongs within: Eugraptoloida.Contains: Isograptus, Bireclinata, Tetragraptinae . The Reclinata are a clade of graptoloids defined by Maletz et al. (2009) as the smallest clade including Tetragraptus serra and Exigraptus uniformis. Synapomorphies of the clade include the presence of a rutellum on the ventral side of the sicular aperture, serially homologous ventral projections on the proximal… Continue reading Reclinata
Climacograptus
Belongs within: Climacograptidae. Climacograptus is a genus of graptoloids known from the Lower Ordovician to Lower Silurian, with a biserial and nearly circular rhabdosome. The type species C. bicornis bears unusually large apertural spines, with the distal portions of the first two thecae often growing back along the spines (Bulman 1970). Characters (Bulman 1970): Rhabdosome nearly circular… Continue reading Climacograptus
Axonophora
Belongs within: Bireclinata.Contains: Neograptina, Dicranograptidae, Climacograptidae, Lasiograptidae, Orthograptinae. The Axonophora are a clade of graptoloids ancestrally defined by a biserial, dipleural rhabdosome, though a number of derived taxa became uniserial. The leading rod of the colony forms a nema that is followed by or engulfed in growth of the thecal rows (Maletz 2014). The clade… Continue reading Axonophora
Dicranograptidae
Belongs within: Axonophora. The Dicranograptidae are an Ordovician group of biserial graptoloids with a characteristic pattern of astogeny. The colony shape varies from multiramous to single-stiped, with some taxa showing cladial distal branchings. The slender Nemagraptinae derived from the paraphyletic ‘Dicranograptinae’ via changes in the proximal end of the colony (Maletz 2014). Characters (Maletz 2014): Biserial,… Continue reading Dicranograptidae
Troosticrinidae
Belongs within: Blastoidea. The Troosticrinidae are a Silurian to Lower Carboniferous family of blastoids characterised by having an elongate conical or obconical theca with five paired spiracles around the mouth (Beaver et al. 1967). The Silurian Troosticrinus has short, outwardly directed and slightly downward ambulacra margined by thin thecal plates (Beaver et al. 1967). Beaver et al. (1967) suggested… Continue reading Troosticrinidae
Monograptus
Belongs within: Monograptoidea. Monograptus has been recognised as a genus of uniserial graptoloids from the Lower Silurian to Lower Devonian. Monophyly of the genus is, however, uncertain, as it has been used to refer to all monograptids that lack cladia or characters of other monograptine genera (Bulman 1970). Ni & Jiao (1983) used the name… Continue reading Monograptus
Platycrinitidae
Belongs within: Glyptocrinina. The Platycrinitidae are a group of crinoids known from the Upper Silurian or Devonian to the Permian. Their arms are biserial and pinnulate (Ubaghs 1978b). Characters (Ubaghs 1978b): Calyx confined to patina of five radials, and three unequal basals which may be fused; posterior side commonly not differentiated; orals distinct; interambulacrals and… Continue reading Platycrinitidae
Actinocrinitidae
Belongs within: Compsocrinina. The Actinocrinitidae are a Carboniferous group of crinoids in which the fixed portions of the arms are strongly grouped, forming protuberant brachial lobes in each ray (Ubaghs 1978b). <==Actinocrinitidae [Actinocrinidae, Actinocriniens, Actinocrinoidea] | i. s.: Laubeocrinus Waagen & Jahn 1899U78b | `–*L. barrandei Waagen & Jahn 1899U78b |–PhysetocrininaeU78b | |–Physetocrinus Meek & Worthen… Continue reading Actinocrinitidae