Belongs within: Coccinea.
Contains: Lecanodiaspididae, Asterolecaniidae, Tachardiidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae, Puto.
The Coccoidea are recognised here, following Koteja (2000), as including the neococcoid scale insects; other authors use this name to refer to all scale insects (Coccinea). Neococcoids are united by the absence of abdominal spiracles in females, and the reduction of male eyes to individual facets (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). The earliest representatives are known from Upper Cretaceous amber, with the extinct taxa Inka minuta and Labiococcidae known only from this period (Koteja 2000). Modern representatives include the Kerriidae, a primarily tropical group with brachial plates and a dorsal spine (Carver et al. 1991). Resinous secretions from the lac insect Kerria lacca are used to produce shellac.
Characters (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005, as ‘neococcoids’): Females lacking abdominal spiracles; male eyes reduced to individual facets; unique chromosomal system of sex determination by paternal genome elimination.
<==CoccoideaK00
|--+--PseudococcidaeGE05
| `--+--Inka Koteja 1989K00 [InkaidaeGE05]
| | `--I. minuta Koteja 1989K00
| `--+--EriococcidaeGE05
| |--CoccidaeGE05
| `--DiaspididaeGE05
`--+--PutoGE05
`--LabiococcidaeGE05
|--Labiococcus Koteja 2000K00
| `--L. joosti Koteja 2000K00
`--Solicoccus Koteja 2000K00
`--S. nascimbenei Koteja 2000K00
Coccoidea incertae sedis:
KermesidaeK00
|--Kermes nigropunctatusM96
|--Olliffiella secundaM96
|--Sucinikermes Koteja 1988K00
| `--S. kulickae Koteja 1988K00
`--AllokermesM96
|--A. galliformisM96
`--A. grandisM96
AclerdaWEE70 [AclerdidaeK00]
|--A. arundinariaeS96
|--A. attenuataM96
|--A. campinensisS96
|--A. manniM96
|--A. mexicanaM96
|--A. oaxacaensisM96
|--A. sellahispanicaWEE70
|--A. sinaloaensisM96
`--A. takahashiiWEE70
LecanodiaspididaeK00
BeesoniidaeK00
MicrococcidaeK00
DactylopiusTRZ10 [DactylopiidaeK00]
|--D. ceylonicusB82
|--D. coccusTRZ10
|--D. confususG10
|--D. glacialeG17
|--D. kingiiC01
|--D. neomexicanusC01
|--D. opuntiaeCGW91
`--D. tomentosusM96
ApiomorphaCGW91 [ApiomorphidaeK00]
|--A. conicaG84
|--A. duplexAY04
|--A. frenchiCGW91
|--A. maliformisB88
|--A. munitaCGW91
|--A. ovicola [=Brachyscelis ovicola]B88
|--A. pedunculataN91
|--A. pileata [=Brachyscelis pileata]B88
`--A. strombylosa [incl. Brachyscelis crispa]B88
CerococcusCGW91 [CerococcidaeK00]
|--C. koebeleiM96
|--C. quercusRD77
|--C. russellaeM96
|--C. stellatusCGW91
`--C. zapotlanusM96
ColobopygaCGW91 [HalimococcidaeGE05]
|--C. attaleaeM96
|--C. australiensisCGW91
|--C. coperniciaeWEE70
|--C. kewensisCGW91
|--C. sabalisM96
`--C. washingtoniaeM96
Phoenicococcus [Phoenicococcidae]T02
`--P. marlattiCK15
StictococcusG17 [StictococcidaeCGW91]
`--S. gowdeyiG17
AsterolecaniidaeCGW91
Kerriidae [Lacciferidae]CGW91
|--Kerria laccaGE05
|--Austrotachardia angulataCGW91
|--TachardinaCGW91
|--Laccifer laccaWEE70
`--Gascardia destructorRD77, DAF07
Conchaspis [Conchaspididae]CGW91
|--C. angraeciCGW91
`--C. newsteadiM96
TachardiidaeM96
Cryptococcus fagiRD77
PhysokermesRD77
|--P. insignicolaG17
`--P. piceaeRD77
Parthenolecanium corniRD77
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).
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[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
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[N91] Norris, K. R. 1991. General biology. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 68–108. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
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[S96] Sharkov, A. 1996. A review of the species of the genus Mucrencyrtus Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 350–368.
[T02] Takagi, S. 2002. One new subfamily and two new tribes of the Diaspididae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, new series 59: 55–100.
[TRZ10] Thompson, E. C., G. E. Rotheray & M. A. Zumbado. 2010. Syrphidae (flower flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 763–792. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.
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