Dichoporita

Belongs within: Blastozoa.
Contains: Glyptocystitoida, Blastoidea.

The Dichoporita are a group of Lower Ordovician to Upper Devonian cystoids. Members of this group bear plates with pore groups crossing the plate boundaries, comprising tubes or folds running perpendicular to said boundaries (Jaekel 1918). Within the Dichoporita, the Hemicosmitida have thecae with plates arranged in regular circlets (Kesling 1967). Pore rhombs in the Hemicosmitida have the pore openings covered by an external epitheca. The Lower Ordovician genus Lingulocystis has an elongate, depressed theca clearly divided into an elongate aboral part and low convex oral surface (Ubaghs 1967).

<==DichoporitaSG93
    |--Lingulocystis Thoral 1935U67 [LingulocystidaeSW07]
    |    |--*L. elongata Thoral 1935U67
    |    `--L. boliviensis Sprinkle 1973SG93
    `--+--GlyptocystitoidaSW07
       `--+--Trachelocrinus Ulbich 1929K67 [TrachelocrinidaeSW07]
          |--+--CupulocoronaEL11 [CoronoideaSW07]
          |  `--BlastoideaM01
          `--Hemicosmitida [Hemicosmites]SW07
               |--Heterocystites Hall 1851 [=Heterocystis Bather 1900; Heterocystidae, Heterocystitidae]K67
               |    `--*H. armatus Hall 1851 [=*Heterocystis armata]K67
               |--Thomacystis [Thomacystidae]SG93
               |    `--T. tuberculata Paul 1969SG93
               |--HemicosmitidaeK67
               |    |--Tricosmites Jaekel 1918K67
               |    |    `--*T. tricornis (Jaekel 1899) [=Hemicosmites tricornis]K67
               |    |--Corylocrinus Koenen 1886 [=Cordylocrinus (l. c.) non Angelin 1878]K67
               |    |    |--C. europaeus (Quenstedt 1874) [=Caryocrinus europaeus; incl. *Corylocrinus pyriformis Koenen 1886]K67
               |    |    |--C. carnicusK67
               |    |    |--C. elongatusK67
               |    |    |--C. occidentalisK67
               |    |    `--C. olliK67
               |    `--Hemicosmites von Buch 1840 [incl. Hexalacystis Haeckel 1896]K67
               |         |--*H. pyriformis von Buch 1840K67
               |         |--H. altus Jaekel 1918J18
               |         |--H. extraneusK67
               |         |--H. grandisK67
               |         |--H. jaekeliK67
               |         |--H. laeviorK67
               |         |--H. malumK67
               |         |--H. oblongusK67
               |         |--H. oelandicusK67
               |         |--H. pocillusK67
               |         |--H. porosusK67
               |         |--H. pulcherrimusK67
               |         |--H. rudisK67
               |         |--H. sculptus Bockelie 1979SG93
               |         |--H. squamosusK67
               |         `--H. verrucosus Eichwald 1856 [=*Hexalacystis verrucosa]K67
               `--Caryocrinitidae [Caryocrinidae]K67
                    |--Juglandocrinus Koenen 1886 [=Inglandocrinus (l. c.)]K67
                    |    `--*J. crassus Koenen 1886K67
                    |--Ptychocosmites Jaekel 1918K67
                    |    `--*P. sardinicus Jaekel 1918K67
                    |--Stribalocystites Miller 1891 [=Stribalocystis Bather 1900, Strybalocystis Rowley 1900]K67
                    |    |--*S. tumida Miller 1891 [=*Stribalocystis tumida, *Strybalocystis tumida]K67
                    |    |--S. bulbulusK67
                    |    |--S. kentuckiensisK67
                    |    `--S. sphaeroidalisK67
                    |--Oocystis Dreyfuss 1939K67
                    |    |--*O. vulgaris Dreyfuss 1939K67
                    |    |    |--O. v. vulgarisK67
                    |    |    `--O. v. subsphaeroidalisK67
                    |    |--O. majorK67
                    |    `--O. rugataK67
                    `--Caryocrinites Say 1825 (see below for synonymy)K67
                         |--*C. ornatus Say 1825 [=*Cariocrinus ornatus, *Caryocrinus ornatus]K67
                         |    |--C. o. ornatusK67
                         |    `--C. o. europaeusK67
                         |--C. aurora Bather 1906SG93
                         |--C. avellana Bather 1906SG93
                         |--‘*Enneacystis’ buchiana Haeckel 1896K67
                         |--C. globosusK67
                         |--C. gorbyiK67
                         |--C. indianensisK67
                         |--C. milliganaeK67
                         |--C. missouriensisK67
                         |--C. persculptusK67
                         |--C. septentrionalisK67
                         `--C. turbo Bather 1906SG93

Caryocrinites Say 1825 [=Cariocrinites (l. c.), Cariocrinus Austin & Austin 1845, Caryocrinus Agassiz 1836; incl. Enneacystis Haeckel 1896]^K67

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[EL11] Erwin, D. H., M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani & K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals. Science 334: 1091–1097.

[J18] Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1–128.

[K67] Kesling, R. V. 1967. Cystoids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa—Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) vol. 1 pp. S85–S267. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M01] Mooi, R. 2001. Not all written in stone: interdisciplinary syntheses in echinoderm paleontology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 1209–1231.

[SG93] Simms, M. J., A. S. Gale, P. Gilliland, E. P. F. Rose & G. D. Sevastopulo. 1993. Echinodermata. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 491–528. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SW07] Sumrall, C. D., & G. A. Wray. 2007. Ontogeny in the fossil record: diversification of body plans and the evolution of “aberrant” symmetry in Paleozoic echinoderms. Paleobiology 33 (1): 149–163.

[U67] Ubaghs, G. 1967. Eocrinoids. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa—Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) vol. 2 pp. S455–S495. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).