Belongs within: Paracanthopterygii.
Contains: Macrouroidei, Gadidae, Moridae.
The Gadiformes include cod, hakes, pollock and related, mostly marine fishes. Many species are commercially significant. The burbot Lota lota is exceptional in being entirely freshwater, being found in rivers and lakes of the Holarctic region.
Characteristics (Bond 1996): Soft-rayed, physoclistic, usually with cycloid scales, thoracic or jugular pelvic fins; orbitosphenoid absent; mesocoracoid absent; premaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; caudal fin (if present) isocercal, posterior vertebrae reduced in size, neural and haemal spines of posterior vertebrae assisting in support of caudal fin.
<==Gadiformes [Gadoidei]
|--+--MacrouroideiB-RW17
| `--+--+--PhycidaeB-RW17
| | | |--UrophycisB96
| | | | |--U. tenuis (Mitchill 1814)B-RW17, K-M02b
| | | | `--+--U. chuss (Walbaum 1792)B-RW17, K-M02b
| | | | `--U. regia (Walbaum 1792)B-RW17, K-M02b
| | | `--PhycisK-M02b
| | | |--P. blennioidesPP89
| | | |--P. chesteri Goode & Bean 1878K-M02b
| | | |--P. mediterraneusL43
| | | |--P. physics (Linné 1766)LD09
| | | `--P. praecongatus Schwarzhans 1977P93
| | `--+--+--GadidaeB-RW17
| | | `--Lota [Lotidae, Lotinae]B-RW17
| | | |--L. lota (Linnaeus 1758)SE08
| | | `--L. molvaP56
| | `--GaidropsaridaeB-RW17
| | |--Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider 1801B-RW17, K-M02b
| | | |--E. cimbrius (Linné 1766)LD09
| | | `--E. elongatusLN10
| | `--GaidropsarusLD09
| | |--G. argentatusB-RW17
| | |--G. ensisB-RW17
| | `--G. vulgaris (Cloquet 1824)LD09
| `--+--Muraenolepis [Muraenolepididae, Muraenolepidoidei]B-RW17
| | `--M. marmorata Günther 1880LD09
| `--MoridaeB-RW17
`--MerlucciidaeB-RW17
|--RhinocephalusP93
`--MerlucciusLD09
|--*M. merluccis (Linnaeus 1758)LD09
|--M. albidus (Mitchill 1818) [incl. M. magnoculus]K-M02a
|--M. bilinearis (Mitchill 1814)K-M02a
|--M. capensisH72
|--M. hubbsiHP80
|--M. productusB96
`--M. vulgarisL43
Gadiformes incertae sedis:
MacruronusH01 [MacruronidaeB96]
`--M. novaezelandiaeH01
EuclichthysB96 [EuclichthyidaeB-RB13]
|--E. eocenicus Schwarzhans 1980P93
`--E. polynemusB96
Melanonus [Melanonidae, Melanonoidei]P93
`--M. ellesmerensis Schwarzhans 1985P93
Ranicipitidae [Ranicipitoidei]P93
|--Onobrosmius sagus (Fedotov 1974)P93
`--RanicepsB96
|--R. hermani Nolf 1978P93
`--R. raninusB96
BregmacerotidaeP93
|--Bregmacerotidarum rappei Nolf 1988P93
`--BregmacerosM58
|--B. atlanticusB96
|--B. japonicus Tanaka 1908 [=B. atlanticus japonicus]M58
|--B. lanceolatus Shen 1960I99
|--B. mcclellandi Thompson 1840I99
|--B. nectabanus Whitley 1941M58
|--B. neonectabanus Masuda, Ozawa & Tabeta 1986I99
|--B. pescadorus Shen 1960I99
`--B. rarisquamosus Munro 1950M58
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B-RW17] Betancur-R, R., E. O. Wiley, G. Arratia, A. Acero, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 162.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[H01] Harcourt, R. G. 2001. Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: pinnipeds. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31 (1): 135–160.
[HP80] Holmes, J. C., & P. W. Price. 1980. Parasite communities: the roles of phylogeny and ecology. Systematic Zoology 29 (2): 203–213.
[H72] Hulley, P. A. 1972. The origin, interrelationship and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum 60 (1): 1–103.
[I99] Iwamoto, T. 1999. Bregmacerotidae. Codlets (codlings). In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) pp. 1997–1998. FAO: Rome.
[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002a. Silver hakes. Family Merlucciidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 217–222. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Cods. Family Gadidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 223–261. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.
[LN10] Liu, J., & P. Ning. 2010. Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes of the Yellow Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 42–43. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[L43] Lowe, R. T. 1843. On the fishes of Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11: 81–95.
[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: A check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted: 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).
[P56] Pander, C. H. 1856. Monographie der Fossilen Fische des Silurischen Systems der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements. Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften: St Petersburg.
[PP89] Parona, C., & A. Perugia. 1889. Res Ligusticae. VIII.—Di alcuni Trematodi ectoparasiti di pesci marini. Nota preventiva. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a, 7: 740–747.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SE08] Sevcsik, A., & T. Erös. 2008. A revised catalogue of freshwater fishes of Hungary and the neighbouring countries in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Pisces). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 331–383.