Belongs within: Gadiformes.
The Gadidae, cods, are marine fishes found primarily in circumpolar to temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. They are characterised by an externally symmetrical caudal fin, rounded cycloid scales, no v-shaped ridge on the top of the head, and a swim bladder that is not connected to the skull (Klein-MacPhee 2002a). Several species are targets of commercially significant fisheries, including the pollock Pollachius virens and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Bond 1996). The Atlantic cod Gadus morhua was famously subject to a population crash in the 1990s as a result of overfishing.
<==Gadidae
|--MicromesistiusB-RW17
| |--M. australisH01
| `--M. poutassouB96
`--+--+--‘Gadus’ chalcogrammusB-RW17
| `--MicrogadusB-RW17
| |--M. proximusB-RW17
| `--M. tomcod (Walbaum 1792)K-M02a
`--+--PollachiusB-RW17
| |--P. pollachiusCS77
| `--P. virens (Linnaeus 1758)K-M02a
`--+--+--Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758)B-RW17, K-M02a [=Gadus aeglefinusCV02]
| `--Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758)B-RW17, LD09
`--Gadus Linnaeus 1758B-RW17, L58 [Gadinae]
|--G. barbatus Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. callarias Linnaeus 1758L58 [=G. morhua callariasB96]
|--G. carbonarius Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. esmarkiiP61
|--G. lota Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. luscus Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. macrocephalusLN10
|--G. mediterraneus Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. melanostomusD56 [incl. G. potassouO05]
|--G. merlangus Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. merluccius Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. minutus Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. molva Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. morhua Linnaeus 1758K-M02a
|--G. mustela Linnaeus 1758L58
|--G. ogacB-RW17
|--G. pollachius Linnaeus 1758L58
`--G. virens Linnaeus 1758L58
Gadidae incertae sedis:
Brosme brosme (Ascanius 1772)K-M02a
MolvaB96
|--M. byrkelangeD56
|--M. dipterygiaCS77
|--M. elongataPP64
`--M. macrophthalmusK-M02b
CiliataB96
Theragra chalcogrammaB96
Arctogadus borisoviB96
Boreogadus saidaB96
Lotidarum marinus Gaemers 1985P93
Palaeomolva monstrata Fedotov 1974P93
Parvicolliolus minutulus (Gaemers 1978)P93
GadiculusP93
|--G. altus (Gaemers & van Hinsbergh 1978)P93
`--G. argenteusPP64
Trisopterus elegansF91
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B-RW17] Betancur-R, R., E. O. Wiley, G. Arratia, A. Acero, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 162.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[CV02] Canning, E. U., & J. Vavra. 2002. Phylum Microsporida Balbiani, 1882. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 39–126. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.
[F91] Freess, W. B. 1991. Beiträge zur Kenntnis von Fauna und Flora des marinen Mitteloligozäns bei Leipzig. Altenburger Naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen 6: 3–74.
[H01] Harcourt, R. G. 2001. Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: pinnipeds. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31 (1): 135–160.
[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002a. Cods. Family Gadidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 223–261. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Ocean sunfishes. Family Molidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 603–607. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[LN10] Liu, J., & P. Ning. 2010. Species composition and faunal characteristics of fishes of the Yellow Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 42–43. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[O05] Odhner, T. 1905. Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 289–372. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[P61] Price, E. W. 1961. North American monogenetic trematodes IX. The families Mazocraeidae and Plectanocotylidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 127–156.