Belongs within: Hemiuroidea.
Contains: Sterrhurinae.
The Hemiuridae are a family of flukes parasitic in fishes, characterised by paired vitellaria and long caeca (Dawes 1956).
Characters (Dawes 1956): Elongate distomes of tapering, cylindrical form in which cuticle may be ringed, but is not spinous, and suckers are not widely separated. Posterior part of body may or may not form abdomen or ecsoma, capable of being retracted into anterior region or soma in a telescoped condition and when fully extended sometimes as long as or longer than soma. Male and female ducts fused into hermaphrodite duct or genital sinus. Cirrus pouch generally absent, but genital sinus sometimes enclosed in false cirrus pouch or sinus sac. Pars prostatica and vesicula seminalis well developed, free in parenchyma. Vitellaria compact, rounded or lobed, in some instances long and thread-like. Eggs small and thin-shelled. Cercariae cystophorous. Intermediate hosts copepods. Final hosts marine and migratory fishes. Location gut, mainly stomach, sometimes gall bladder.
<==Hemiuridae [Lecithasteridae]
|--+--Machidatrema chilostomaOC03
| `--OpisthadeninaeBC02
| |--Genolinea Manter 1925BC02
| | |--*G. laticauda Manter 1925BC02
| | `--G. anura (Layman 1930)BC02
| `--+--Neotheletrum Gibson & Bray 1979BC02
| | |--*N. lissosomum (Manter 1940)BC02
| | |--N. gravidum (Manter 1940)BC02
| | |--N. magnasaccum (Sogandares-Bernal & Sogandares 1961)BC02
| | `--N. pomacentri (Nahhas & Cable 1964)BC02
| `--+--Mitrostoma Manter 1954BC02
| | `--M. nototheniae Manter 1954BC02
| `--+--Neopisthadena Machida 1980BC02
| | `--N. habei Machida 1980BC02
| `--Opisthadena Linton 1910OC03, BC02
| | i. s.: O. fujianensis Tang, Shi et al. 1983 (n. d.)BC02
| | O. marina Tang, Shi et al. 1983 (n. d.)BC02
| | O. setipinnae Qiu & Liang in Shen & Qiu 1995BC02
| |--O. kuwaiti Al-Yamani & Nahhas 1981BC02
| `--+--O. cheni Martin 1978BC02
| `--+--O. bodegensis Johnson & Copsey 1953BC02
| `--O. dimidia Linton 1910 [incl. O. cortesi Bravo-Hollis 1966, O. kyphosi Yamaguti 1970]BC02
`--LecithasterinaeD56
| i. s.: Aponurus Looss 1907D56
| |--A. laguncula Looss 1907MK00
| |--A. trachinoti Manter 1940D56
| `--A. tschugunovi Vlasenko 1931D56
| Lecithurus Pigulewsky 1938 (n. d.)D56
| `--*L. lindbergi (Layman 1930)D56
|--Lecithophyllum Odhner 1905OC03, D56
| `--*L. botryophorum (Olsson 1868) (see below for synonymy)D56
`--+--Merlucciotrema praeclarumOC03
`--+--Lecithaster Lühe 1901OC03, D56 (see below for synonymy)
| |--L. confusus Odhner 1905O05 (see below for synonymy)
| |--L. galeatus Looss 1907 [=Mordvilkoviaster galeatus]D56
| |--L. gibbosus (Rudolphi 1802) (see below for synonymy)D56
| |--L. stellatus Looss 1907 [incl. L. sayori Yamaguti 1938]MK00
| `--L. tauricus Pigulewsky 1938D56
`--+--DinurinaeD56
| |--Lecithocladium Lühe 1901D56
| | `--*L. excisum (Rudolphi 1819)O05, D56 (see below for synonymy)
| |--Dinurus Looss 1907OC03, D56
| | |--D. longisinus Looss 1907OC03, D56
| | |--D. pinguis Linton 1940D56
| | `--D. tornatus (Rudolphi 1819) (see below for synonymy)D56
| `--Ectenurus Looss 1907D56
| |--E. gulosus (Linton 1901) [=Distomum gulosum, Lecithocladium gulosum]D56
| |--E. lepidus Looss 1907D56
| `--E. virgula Linton 1910D56
`--SterrhurinaeOC03
Hemiuridae incertae sedis:
HemiurinaeD56
|--Aphanurus Looss 1907D56
| `--A. stossichii (Monticelli 1891) (see below for synonymy)D56
`--Hemiurus Rudolphi 1809 [incl. Parahemiurus Vaz & Pereira 1930]D56
|--*H. appendiculatus (Rudolphi 1802)O05, D56 (see below for synonymy)
|--H. communis Odhner 1905D56
|--H. levinseni Odhner 1905D56
|--H. ocreatus (Rudolphi 1802) (see below for synonymy)D56
|--H. rugosus Looss 1907D56
|--‘Parahemiurus’ sardinaeD56
`--‘Parahemiurus’ seriolaeD56
‘Distomum’ glauciD56
Paravitellotrema overstreetiB81
Prolecitha Manter 1961 [Prolecithinae]MK00
`--*P. obesa Manter 1961 [=Dichadena obesa]MK00
Aphanurus stossichii (Monticelli 1891) [=Apoblema stossichii, Hemiurus stossichi; incl. Aphanurus virgula Looss 1907]D56
Dinurus tornatus (Rudolphi 1819) [=Distoma tornatum; incl. Dinurus barbatus (Cohn 1903), Dinurus breviductus Looss 1907]D56
*Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi 1802)O05, D56 [=Fasciola appendiculataD56, Apoblema appendiculatumD56, Distoma appendiculatumD56; incl. Parahemiurus atherinae Yamaguti 1938D56, P. harengulae Yamaguti 1938D56, Hemiurus merus Linton 1910D56, P. merusD56, *P. parahemiurus Vaz & Pereira 1930D56, P. platichthyi Lloyd 1938D56]
Hemiurus ocreatus (Rudolphi 1802) [=Distoma ocreatum non Fasciola ocreata Goeze 1782 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.); incl. H. luehei Odhner 1905]D56
Lecithaster Lühe 1901OC03, D56 [incl. Leptosoma Stafford 1904 nec Leach 1819 nec Fitzinger 1843D56, Mordvilkoviaster Pigulewsky 1938D56]
Lecithaster confusus Odhner 1905O05 [=*Lecithaster botryophorus Lühe 1901 non Distoma botryophoron Olsson 1868O05; incl. Drogenes cacozelus Nicoll 1907D56]
Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi 1802) [=Fasciola gibbosa, Distoma gibbosum; incl. D. bergense Olsson 1868, D. mollissimum Levinsen 1881, Apoblema mollissimum]D56
*Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi 1819)O05, D56 [=Distoma excisumD56; incl. Distomum crenatum Molin 1859 non Fasciola crenata Rudolphi 1802D56, Lecithocladium crenatumD56, Distoma cristatum Rudolphi 1819D56, L. cristatumD56, L. excisiforme Cohn 1903D56]
*Lecithophyllum botryophorum (Olsson 1868) [=Distoma botryophoron, D. (Brachylaimus) botryophoron, Hemiurus bothryophorus, Lecithaster bothryophorus]D56
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BC02] Bray, R. A., & T. H. Cribb. 2002. Observations on the phylogeny of Opisthadena Linton, 1910 and related genera (Hemiuridae: Opisthadeninae) from Australian and French Polynesian waters. Folia Parasitologica 49: 279–290.
[B81] Brooks, D. R. 1981. Hennig’s parasitological method: a proposed solution. Systematic Zoology 30 (3): 229–249.
[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms 2nd ed. University Press: Cambridge.
[MK00] Machida, M., & T. Kuramochi. 2000. Digenean trematodes from halfbeaks and needlefishes of Japan and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the Natural Science Museum Series A (Zoology) 26: 203–218.
[O05] Odhner, T. 1905. Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 289–372. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[OC03] Olson, P. D., T. H. Cribb, V. V. Tkach, R. A. Bray & D. T. J. Littlewood. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). International Journal for Parasitology 33: 733–755.