Belongs within: Episquamata.
Contains: Amphisbaenia, Podarcis, Lacerta.
The Lacertibaenia are a clade of lizards uniting the Lacertidae, wall lizards, with the Amphisbaenia, amphisbaenas.
Synapomorphies (Müller et al. 2011): Supratemporal parietal processes short, dorsally flat; extensive contact between parietal and supratemporal; broad articulation between vomer and palatine; ectopterygoid laterally exposed; spheno-occipital epiphyses present; crista prootica reduced; crista tuberalis posterodorsally inclined; occipital recess ventrally exposed; ventral margin of coronoid flat; cervical intercentra fused to posterior part of preceding centrum; epicoracoid cartilage absent.
LacertibaeniaBG20
|--+--AmphisbaeniaBG20
| `--Cryptolacerta Müller, Hipsley et al. 2011MH11
| `--*C. hassiaca Müller, Hipsley et al. 2011MH11
`--LacertidaeBG20
| i. s.: Zootoca viviparaCC04
| Teira dugesiiCC04
| Miolacerta tenuis Roček 1984RB05
| Edlartetia sansaniensis (Lartet 1851)RB05
| PsammodromusC74
| |--P. algirusWP99
| `--P. hispanicusMH11
| Iberolacerta Arribas 1997CC04
| |--+--I. hovarthiCC04
| | `--+--I. aurelioiCC04
| | `--+--I. aranicaCC04
| | `--I. bonnaliCC04
| `--+--I. cyreni [=I. monticola cyreni]CC04
| | |--I. c. cyreniCC04
| | `--I. c. castilianaCC04
| `--+--I. martinezricai [=I. cyreni martinezricai]CC04
| `--I. monticolaCC04
| |--I. m. monticolaCC04
| `--I. m. cantabricaCC04
| PodarcisC79
| AcanthodactylusA-O00
| |--A. boskianusLK03
| |--A. grandisLK03
| |--A. opheodurus Arnold 1980A-O00
| |--A. orientalisLK03
| |--A. robustusLK03
| |--A. schmidti Haas 1957A-O00
| |--A. tilburyi Arnold 1986A-O00
| |--A. tristamiLK03
| `--A. vulgarisPB02
| Tropidosaura gularisL35
| ScapteiraL35
| |--S. depressaL35
| |--S. knoxiiL35
| `--S. suborbitalisL35
| PlesiolacertaB93
| |--P. lydekkeri Hoffstetter 1942B93
| `--P. paleocenicus (Kuhn 1940)B93
| PseudeumecesABM03
| |--*P. cadurcensis (Filhol 1877)ABM03
| `--P. wahlbeckensis (Kuhn 1940)B93
| Ligerosaurus Augé, Bailon & Malfay 2003ABM03
| `--*L. pouiti (Augé 1993) [=Pseudeumeces pouiti]ABM03
| Amblyolacerta dolnicensis Rocek 1984ABM03
| Dormaalisaurus Augé & Smith 2002ABM03
| TakydromusBG20
| |--T. ocellatusBG20
| `--T. smaragdinusMH11
| Timon lepidusSC18
|--LacertinaeMH11
| |--LacertaM01
| `--EremiasMH11
| |--E. argus Peters 1869M01
| |--E. argutaMH11
| |--E. brenchleyi Günther 1872M01
| |--E. inornataL35
| |--E. przewalskiiM01
| `--E. undataL35
`--+--Dracaenosaurus croizeti Hoffstetter 1944MH11, ABM03
`--Gallotia [Gallotiinae]MH11
|--G. caesarisMH11
|--G. gallotiMH11
| |--G. g. gallotiBKW00
| `--G. g. eisentrautiBKW00
|--G. goliathMH11
|--G. simonyi (Steindachner 1889)H81
`--G. stehliniMH11
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A-O00] Al-Oran, R. M. 2000. Notable herpetological records from central and southern Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East 21: 31–36.
[ABM03] Augé, M., S. Bailon & J.-P. Malfay. 2003. Un nouveau genre de Lacertidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia) dans les faluns miocènes de l’Anjou-Touraine (Maine-et-Loire, France). Geodiversitas 25 (2): 289–295.
[BKW00] Bannert, B., H. Y. Karaca & A. Wohltmann. 2000. Life cycle and parasitic interaction of the lizard-parasitizing mite Ophionyssus galloticolus (Acari: Gamasida: Macronyssidae), with remarks about the evolutionary consequences of parasitism in mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology 24: 597–613.
[B93] Benton, M. J. 1993. Reptilia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 681–715. Chapman & Hall: London.
[BG20] Burbrink, F. T., F. G. Grazziotin, R. A. Pyron, D. Cundall, S. Donnellan, F. Irish, J. S. Keogh, F. Kraus, R. W. Murphy, B. Noonan, C. J. Raxworthy, S. Ruane, A. R. Lemmon, E. M. Lemmon & H. Zaher. 2020. Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships. Systematic Biology 69 (3): 502–520.
[C79] Clover, R. C. 1979. Phenetic relationships among populations of Podarcis sicula and P. melisellensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) from islands in the Adriatic Sea. Systematic Zoology 28 (3): 284–298.
[C74] Coineau, Y. 1974. Éléments pour une monographie morphologique, écologique et biologique des Caeculidae (Acariens). Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, nouvelle série, Série A, Zoologie 81: 1–299, 24 pls.
[CC04] Crochet, P.-A., O. Chaline, Y. Surget-Groba, C. Debain & M. Cheylan. 2004. Speciation in mountains: phylogeography and phylogeny of the rock lizards genus Iberolacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 860–866.
[H81] Honegger, R. E. 1981. List of amphibians and reptiles either known or thought to have become extinct since 1600. Biological Conservation 19: 141–158.
[L35] Lawrence, R. F. 1935. The prostigmatic mites of South African lizards. Parasitology 27 (1): 1–45.
[LK03] Lymberakis, P., & A. Kalionzopoulou. 2003. Additions to the herpetofauna of Syria. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 33–39.
[M01] Méhely, L. 1901. Csúszómászók és kétéltűek [Reptilien und Amphibien]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 41–68. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[MH11] Müller, J., C. A. Hipsley, J. J. Head, N. Kardjilov, A. Hilger, M. Wuttke & R. R. Reisz. 2011. Eocene lizard from Germany reveals amphisbaenian origins. Nature 473: 364–367.
[PB02] Perkins, F. O., J. R. Barta, R. E. Clopton, M. A. Peirce & S. J. Upton. 2002. Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 190–369. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[RB05] Rage, J.-C., & S. Bailon. 2005. Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late early Miocene (MN 4) of Béon 1 (Montréal-du-Gers, southwestern France). Geodiversitas 27 (3): 413–441.
[SC18] Simões, T. R., M. W. Caldwell, M. Talanda, M. Bernardi, A. Palci, O. Vernygora, F. Bernardini, L. Mancini & R. L. Nydam. 2018. The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps. Nature 557: 706–709.
[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).