Lycium

Belongs within: Solanoideae.

Lycium, the boxthorns, is a cosmopolitan genus of often thorny shrubs with small leaves bearing globose berries (Liogier 1995). Most grow in arid and semi-arid habitats with some being coastal.

Characters (Liogier 1995): Erect or scandent shrubs, usually spiny; leaves fasciculate on short branches, short-petioled, without stipules; blades small, usually narrow, entire; flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled at nodes, often many along branches, 4- or 5-merous, actinomorphic or somewhat zygomorphic; calyx cup-shaped, persistent; corolla tubular-obconic or shortly funnel-shaped, lobes imbricate; stamens long-exserted, filaments inserted on corolla-tube, alternating with lobes; anthers dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally; ovary 2- to many-loculed, style filiform, slender, enlarged distally, stigma small, 2-lobed, exserted; fruit a berry, globose, ovoid, juicy, few- to many-seeded; embryo curved.

<==Lycium L. 1753 [Lycieae]L95
    |--L. barbarum L. 1753OB08, PSH82 [incl. L. halimifoliumH93]
    |--L. pallidumOB08
    |    |--L. p. var. pallidumH93
    |    `--L. p. var. oligospermumH93
    `--+--L. cestroidesOB08
       |--Phrodus microphyllusOB08
       |--L. sandwicense [=L. carolinianum var. sandwicense]OB08
       `--GrabowskiaOB08
            |--G. boerhaviifoliaOB08
            `--G. duplicataOB08

Lycium incertae sedis:
  *L. afrum L. 1753PSH82
  L. americanum Jacq. 1753 (see below for synonymy)L95
  L. andersoniiBTA75
  L. australe Muell. 1859PSH82
  L. berlandieriRJ11
  L. brevipesH93
    |--L. b. var. brevipesH93
    `--L. b. var. hasseiH93
  L. californicumRJ11
  L. cooperiH93
  L. edgeworthiiPP07
  L. europaeumL98
  L. ferocissimum Miers 1854BR65 (see below for synonymy)
  L. fremontiiH93
  L. grandicalyxCV06
  L. horridumMM09
  L. parishiiH93
  L. shawiiL98
  L. torreyiH93
  L. verrucosumH93
  L. vulgareC01

Lycium americanum Jacq. 1753 [incl. L. americanum var. chrysocarpum Urb. & Ekm. 1929, L. tweedianum var. chrysocarpum (Urb. & Ekm.) Hitchc. 1932, L. spathulifolium Britt. 1905]^L95

Lycium ferocissimum Miers 1854^BR65 [incl. L. campanulatum Meyer 1843 (n. n.)^BR65, L. chinense Black 1909 (preoc.)^BR65, L. macrocalyx Domin 1929^PSH82]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BTA75] Baker, E. W., D. M. Tuttle & M. J. Abbatiello. 1975. The false spider mites of northwestern and north central Mexico (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 194: 1–23.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C01] Cockerell, T. D. A. 1901. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.—X. Observations on bees collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico, and in the adjacent mountains. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 125–131.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[L95] Liogier, H. A. 1995. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: Spermatophyta-Dicotyledoneae vol. 4. Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.

[MM09] Mound, L. A., & M. Masumoto. 2009. Australian Thripinae of the Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera), with three new genera and thirty-three new species. Zootaxa 2042: 1–76.

[PP07] Pandey, R. P., & P. M. Padhye. 2007. Studies on phytodiversity of Arid Machia Safari Park-Kailana in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 15–78.

[PSH82] Purdie, R. W., D. E. Symon & L. Haegi. 1982. Solanaceae. Flora of Australia 29: 1–197.

[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.