Belongs within: Panheteroptera.
Contains: Acanthosomatidae, Tessaratomidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae, Asopinae, Pentatominae.
The Pentatomoidea, stink bugs and related taxa, are a group of bugs with an enlarged scutellum, commonly reaching the apex of the clavus or beyond. In extreme cases, the scutellum may cover the entire abdomen. Most pentatomoids are plant-feeders but some species of Pentatomidae are predators. Examples of pentatomoid families in which the scutellum covers the abdomen include the Plataspididae, in which the hemelytra are much longer than the body but folding to fit under the scutellum at rest. Members of the Plataspididae are found in warmer regions of the Old World. Lestonia is an endemic Australian genus that has been collected on growing tips of the native cypress Callitris; members of this genus have the margins of the head, pronotum and part of the costal margins of the hemelytron expanded and recurved to give a tortoise-like appearance (Carver et al. 1991).
Other distinctive members of the Pentatomoidea include the east Asian genus Parastrachia, including two species of large, strikingly red and black bugs with a distinctive subsocial mode of behaviour through progressive provisioning (Sweet & Schaefer 2002). The tropical Urostylinae are relatively elongate and delicate compared to other pentatomoids and characterised by cylindrical antennifers set on the lateral margins of the head, entirely visible from above. The Dinidoridae are an Old World tropical family with reticulate venation on the membrane of the hemelytron (Carver et al. 1991). The Neotropical Phloeidae are large, flat bugs with laminate lateral extensions on the head and body (Richards & Davies 1977).
<==PentatomoideaSS02
| i. s.: TahitocorisSDT88
|--Urostylinae [Urolabidae, Urolabidinae]YR12
| |--Tessaromerus licentiB45
| |--Parurochela quadrinotataB45
| |--UrolabidaSDT88
| | |--U. grayiB45
| | |--U. histrionicaB45
| | |--U. javanica Blöte 1945B45
| | |--U. nilgiricaSDT88
| | |--U. pulchra Blöte 1945B45
| | |--U. spathulifera Blöte 1945B45
| | |--U. teneraB45
| | `--U. unilobaB45
| |--UrochelaRJ93
| | |--U. distinctaB45
| | |--U. elongata Blöte 1945B45
| | |--U. himalayaensisB45
| | |--U. luteovariaB45
| | |--U. nigropunctata Blöte 1945B45
| | |--U. pardalina Zhang 1989RJ93
| | |--U. pilosa Blöte 1945B45
| | `--U. ramifer Blöte 1945B45
| `--UrostylisRD77
| |--U. flavoannulataB45
| |--U. furcifer Blöte 1945B45
| |--U. immaculatusB45
| |--U. philoidesB45
| |--U. punctigeraB45
| |--U. pusilla Blöte 1945B45
| |--U. rugosa Blöte 1945B45
| |--U. sinensisB45
| `--U. striicornisB45
`--+--Ruckesona [Saileriolidae, Saileriolinae]YR12
| `--R. vitrellaSDT88
`--+--AcanthosomatidaeYR12
`--+--TessaratomidaeYR12
|--Serbana [Phloeidae]YR12
| `--S. borneensisYR12
|--Lestonia China 1955G75 [LestoniidaeYR12]
| |--*L. haustorifera China 1955G75
| `--L. grossiCGW91
|--DinidoridaeYR12
| |--Coridius janusSS02
| |--Dinidor pulsatorYR12
| |--Eumenotes [Eumenotini]CGW91
| | `--E. obscurusCGW91
| `--Megymenum [Megymininae]SS02
| |--M. affine Boisduval 1835B35
| |--M. dentatum Boisduval 1835B35
| |--M. gracilicorneSS02
| `--M. insulareCGW91
|--+--+--Thaumastella [Thaumastellidae, Thaumastellinae]YR12
| | | |--T. aradoidesRD77
| | | `--T. elizabethaeYR12
| | `--+--Corimelaenidae [Thyreocoridae]YR12
| | | |--Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linnaeus 1758)YR12, L58 (see below for synonymy)
| | | `--Corimelaena [Corimelaeninae]SS02
| | `--+--CydnidaeYR12
| | `--Parastrachia Distant 1883SDT88 [Parastrachiaria, ParastrachiidaeYR12, Parastrachiinae]
| | |--P. japonensis (Scott 1880)SS02 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--P. nagaensis Distant 1908SS02
| `--+--ScutelleridaeYR12
| `--+--CanopidaeYR12
| `--+--Megaris [Megarididae]YR12
| `--Plataspididae [Brachyplatidae, Coptosomatidae, Plataspidinae]YR12
| |--CeratocorisRD77
| |--ElapheozygumRD77
| |--BrachyplatysCGW91
| | |--B. pacificus Wall. 1851D14
| | `--B. vanikorensis Boisduval 1835B35
| `--CoptosomaS07
| |--C. ostensumS07
| `--C. scutellatumH01
`--+--Cyrtocoris [Cyrtocoridae]YR12
| `--C. gibbusYR12
|--Aphylum Bergroth 1906G75 [AphylidaeYR12, Aphylinae]
| |--*A. syntheticum Bergroth 1906G75
| `--A. bergrothiG75
`--PentatomidaeYR12
| i. s.: Erthesina fulloYS01, H01
| Irochrotus caspiusH01
| Phimodera collinaH01
| Masthletinus abbreviatusH01
| Neottiglossa pusilla [incl. N. inflexa]H01
| Eusarcoris aeneusH01
| Rubiconia intermediaH01
| Palomena prasinaH01
| Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus 1758)H01, L58 (see below for synonymy)
| Commius elegansC91
| Dalsira bohndorffiRD77
| ChlorochroaRD77
| |--C. ligataRD77
| `--C. uhleriE66
| Cyclopelta siccifoliaR72
| BrochymenaE66
| |--B. arboreaE66
| |--B. cariosaE66
| |--B. carolinensisE66
| `--B. quadripustulataE66
| Dendrocoris humeralisE66
| PodisusYR12
| |--P. chilensisE66
| `--P. maculiventrisYR12
| Stethaulax marmoratusE66
| Trichopepla semivittataE66
| Solubea pugnaxE66
| Uncinala tauYR12
|--Trincavellius [Discocephalinae]B27
|--AsopinaeSS02
`--PentatominaeSS02
Parastrachia japonensis (Scott 1880)SS02 [=Asopus japonensisSDT88, P. japonica (l. c.)SDT88; incl. *P. fulgens Distant 1883SDT88]
Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus 1758)H01, L58 [=Cimex (Spinosus) bidensL49, L58, Arma bidensL49, Asopus bidensL49]
Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linnaeus 1758)YR12, L58 [=Cimex (Scutellatus) scarabaeoidesL49, L58, Coreomelas scarabaeoidesL49, Odontoscelis scarabaeoidesL49, Pentatoma scarabaeoidesL02]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B27] Bergroth, E. 1927. Hemiptera Heteroptera from New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 671–684.
[B45] Blöte, H. C. 1945. Catalogue of the Pentatomidae in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. Part I: Tessaratominae, Urolabidinae. Zoologische Mededelingen 25: 285–316.
[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d’Urville. Faune entomologique de l’océan Pacifique, avec l’illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.
[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[C91] CSIRO. 1991. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[D14] Distant, W. L. 1914. Rhynchota from New Caledonia and the surrounding islands. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 4 pp. 369–390, pls 11–12. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.
[E66] Evans, H. E. 1966. The Comparative Ethology and Evolution of the Sand Wasps. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[G75] Gross, G. F. 1975. Plant-feeding and Other Bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera—Part I. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia.
[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[L49] Lucas, H. 1849. Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d’une commission académique. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. II. Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Troisième partie. Insectes (suite). Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
[R72] Rao, K. R. 1972. On the occurrence of Cyclopelta siccifolia Westw. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Zizyphus sp. in Aurangabad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (2): 440–441.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SDT88] Schaefer, C. W., W. R. Dolling & S. Tachikawa. 1988. The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 283–311.
[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
[SS02] Sweet, M. H., & C. W. Schaefer. 2002. Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95: 441–448.
[YR12] Yao, Y., D. Ren, D. A. Rider & W. Cai. 2012. Phylogeny of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha based on fossil and extant morphology, with description of a new fossil family from China. PLoS One 7 (5): e37289.
[YS01] Yoshizawa, K., & T. Saigusa. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhycha (Hemiptera). Systematic Entomology 26: 1–13.