Picidae

Belongs within: Pici.
Contains: Picumnus, Picinae.

The Picidae include the woodpeckers, wrynecks and piculets, and are found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Picids have more or less straight, pointed beaks and elongate tongues. They are ancestrally insectivorous and arboreal though some have become terrestrial and/or herbivorous. The wrynecks of the genus Jynx are cryptically coloured birds found in Eurasia and Africa that are named for the manner in which they twist their neck while feeding. Piculets are small birds in the genera Picumus, Verreauxia and Sasia that lack the stiffened tail feathers of the true woodpeckers in the Picinae (Winkler & Christie 2002).

<==Picidae [Picumninae, Picumnini]
    |--Piculoides saulcetensisML12
    `--+--Jynx Linnaeus 1758JT12, M02 [Iunginae, Jungidae, Jyngidae, Jynginae, Torquillinae, Yunginae, Yunxinae]
       |    |--*J. torquilla Linnaeus 1758L58 [=Yunx torquillaF17]
       |    |    |--J. t. torquilla [incl. J. chinensis, J. japonica, J. sarudnyi]WC02
       |    |    |--J. t. himalayana Vaurie 1959WC02
       |    |    |--J. t. mauretanica Rothschild 1909WC02
       |    |    `--J. t. tschusii Kleinschmidt 1907WC02
       |    `--J. ruficollis Wagler 1830WC02
       |         |--J. r. ruficollisWC02 (see below for synonymy)
       |         |--J. r. aequatorialis Rüppell 1842WC02
       |         `--J. r. pulchricollis Hartlaub 1884M-PG70 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--PicumnusSF17
          `--+--PicinaeJT12
             `--+--Verreauxia africana (Verreaux & Verreaux 1855)SF17, WC02 [=Sasia africanaWC02]
                `--Sasia Hodgson 1836SF17, WC02
                     |--S. abnormis (Temminck 1825)JT12, WC02 [=Picumnus abnormisWC02]
                     |    |--S. a. abnormisWC02
                     |    `--S. a. magnirostris Hartert 1901WC02
                     `--S. ochracea Hodgson 1836JT12, WC02 [incl. S. querulivoxWC02]
                          |--S. o. ochraceaWC02
                          |--S. o. kinneari Stresemann 1929WC02
                          `--S. o. reichenowi [incl. S. hasbroucki]WC02

Picidae incertae sedis:
  ScapaneusS55
    |--S. malherbiiS18
    |--S. melanoleucosS55
    |    |--S. m. melanoleucosS55
    |    `--S. m. cearaeS55
    `--S. trachelopyrusS55
  Crocomorphus flavusS55
    |--C. f. flavusS55
    `--C. f. inornatusS55
  Balanosphyra formicivoraS55
    |--B. f. formicivoraS55
    `--B. f. bairdiiS55
  Ceophloeus lineatusS18
    |--C. l. lineatusS18
    |--C. l. mesorhynchusS18
    `--C. l. similisFS55
  Pliopicus brodkorbi Feduccia & Wilson 1967ML12
  Palaeonerpes shorti Cracraft & Morony 1969ML12
  ChloropicusAP21
    |--C. namaquusAP21
    |--C. pyrrhogasterAP21
    `--C. xantholophusAP21

Jynx ruficollis pulchricollis Hartlaub 1884^M-PG70 [incl. J. thorbeckei Reichenow 1912^{WC02, M-PG70}, J. ruficollis thorbeckei^M-PG70]

Jynx ruficollis ruficollis Wagler 1830^WC02 [incl. J. cosensi^WC02, J. pectoralis^WC02, J. ruficollis rougeoti Berlioz 1953^M-PG70, J. ruficollis striaticula Clancey 1952^M-PG70]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.

[FS55] Felten, H., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Zur Vogelfauna von El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1–2): 9–19.

[F17] Forster, T. 1817. A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to observations on British ornithology. Nichols, Son, and Bentley: London.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[M-PG70] Mackworth-Praed, C. W., & C. H. B. Grant. 1970. African Handbook of Birds ser. 3 vol. 1. Birds of West Central and Western Africa. Longman: London.

[ML12] Manegold, A., & A. Louchart. 2012. Biogeographic and paleoenvironmental implications of a woodpecker species (Aves, Picidae) from the Early Pliocene of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (4): 926–938.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[SF17] Shakya, S. B., J. Fuchs, J.-M. Pons & F. H. Sheldon. 2017. Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 116: 182–191.

[S55] Steinbacher, J. 1955. Zur Morphologie und Anatomie des Zungenapparates brasilianischer Spechte. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 1–8.

[S18] Stone, W. 1918. Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 239–280.

[WC02] Winkler, H., & D. A. Christie. 2002. Family Picidae (woodpeckers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers pp. 296–555. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.