Belongs within: Commelinidae.
Contains: Typhaceae, Bromeliaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Restionaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae.
The Poales are a clade of monocotyledonous flowering plants united by molecular analyses, as well as by the presence of epidermal silica bodies (phytoliths). Members include the Rapateaceae, a mostly South American group of rush-like herbs with a V-shaped sheath on the leaves and capitate inflorescences bearing conspicuous flowers. The Flagellariaceae are an Old World tropical family of bamboo-like climbers with the ends of leaves extended in a coiled tendril. The Xyridoideae, yellow-eyed grasses, are grass-like herbs found in marshy habitats that produce bright yellow flowers.
Characters (Angiosperm Phylogeny Web): Mycorrhizae absent; vessel elements in roots often with simple perforation plates, vessels also in stem and leaf, also with simple perforation plates; SiO2 epidermal; raphides absent; inflorescence indeterminate; style well developed, stigmas small, dry; micropyle bistomal, both integuments ca. 2 cells across; cotyledon hyperphyllar, haustorial; whole nuclear genome duplication [σ/sigma event]; mitochondrial sdh3 [succinate dehydrogenase 3] gene lost.
<==Poales [Glumales, Glumiflorae, Juncales, Xyridaceae, Xyridales, Xyrideae, Xyridineae]
| i. s.: HopkinsiaceaeDS04
|--Rapateaceae [Rapateoideae]DS04
| |--Rapatea xiphoidesDS04
| `--+--+--Cephalostemon flavusDS04
| | `--Spathanthus bicolorDS04
| `--+--StegolepisDS04
| | |--S. ligulataBS05
| | `--S. parvipetalaBS05
| `--SaxofridericioideaeDS04
| |--Kunhardtia radiataDS04
| `--+--Epidryos alleniiDS04
| `--Schoenocephalium cucullatumDS04
`--+--TyphaceaeDS04
`--+--BromeliaceaeSR07
`--+--+--EriocaulaceaeDS04
| `--+--Abolboda [Abolbodoideae]DS04
| | `--A. macrostachyaDS04
| `--+--Aratitiyopea lopeziiDS04
| `--Orectanthe sceptrumDS04
`--+--+--Flagellariaceae [Flagellarieae]DS04
| | |--Susum anthelminticumA78
| | `--FlagellariaGPWG01
| | |--F. guineensisSH02
| | `--F. indicaGPWG01
| `--+--RestionaceaeSR07
| `--+--Joinvillea [Joinvilleaceae]DS04
| | |--J. ascendensGPWG01
| | `--J. plicataGPWG01 [=Flagellaria plicataB78]
| `--+--PoaceaeSR07
| `--EcdeiocoleaceaeK15
| |--Ecdeiocolea monostachyaSR07, DS04
| `--GeorgeanthaK15
`--+--Mayaca [Mayacaceae]SR07
| |--M. fluviatilisM10
| `--M. sellowianaDS04
`--+--+--+--CyperaceaeSR07
| | `--JuncaceaeDS04
| `--+--Prionium [Prioniaceae]DS04
| | `--P. serratumDS04
| `--Thurnia [Thurniaceae]DS04
| |--T. jenmaniDS04
| `--T. polycephalaDS04
`--XyridoideaeDS04
|--AchlyphilaDS04
`--XyrisSR07
|--X. bicephalaDS04
|--X. caroliniana [incl. X. flexuosa]V72
|--X. cheumatophilaLK14
|--X. complanataB78 [incl. X. elongata Rudge 1811B78, R11, X. laevisB78, X. scabraB78, X. walkeriB78]
| |--X. c. var. complanataB78
| |--X. c. var. bracteataB78
| `--X. c. var. leptocaulisB78
|--X. difformisV72
|--X. flexifolia [incl. X. aemula]B78
|--X. gracilis [incl. X. juncea]B78
|--X. gracillimaB78
|--X. indicaLK14
|--X. jupicaiDS04
|--X. lacera [incl. X. teretifolia]B78
|--X. lanataB78
|--X. laxifloraB78
|--X. montanaV72
|--X. operculataB78
| |--X. o. var. operculataB78
| |--X. o. var. bracteata non X. complanata var. bracteataB78
| `--X. o. var. macrocephalaB78
|--X. pauciflora [incl. X. denticulata, X. oligantha, X. paludosa, X. pusilla]B78
`--X. tortaV72
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.
[BS05] Barfuss, M. H. J., R. Samuel, W. Till & T. F. Stuessy. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. American Journal of Botany 92 (2): 337–351.
[B78] Bentham, G. 1878. Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory vol. 7. Roxburghiaceae to Filices. L. Reeve & Co.: London.
[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.
[GPWG01] Grass Phylogeny Working Group. 2001. Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88 (3): 373–457.
[K15] Kellogg, E. A. 2015. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. 13. Flowering Plants: Monocots: Poaceae. Springer.
[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.
[M10] Mirbel, B. 1810. Examen de la division des végétaux en endorhizes et exorhizes. Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 16: 419–458.
[R11] Rudge, E. 1811. A description of several species of plants from New Holland. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 10: 283–303.
[SR07] Saarela, J. M., H. S. Rai, J. A. Doyle, P. K. Endress, S. Mathews, A. D. Marchant, B. G. Briggs & S. W. Graham. 2007. Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Nature 446: 312–315.
[SH02] Short, L. L., & J. F. M. Horne. 2002. Family Capitonidae (barbets). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers pp. 140–219. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[V72] Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium.