Pronocephalata

Belongs within: Plagiorchiida.
Contains: Paramphistomatidae, Microscaphidioidea, Pronocephalidae, Notocotylidae.

The Pronocephalata are a clade of flukes in which the oral sucker is absent, being functionally replaced by the pharynx (Olson et al. 2003).

<==Pronocephalata [Paramphistomata]
    |--ParamphistomoideaOC03
    |    |  i. s.: ParamphistomatidaeD56
    |    |         ‘Cercaria’ inhabilis Cort 1915D56
    |    |         ‘Cercaria’ missouriensis McCoy 1929D56
    |    |         ‘Cercaria’ frondosa Cawston 1918D56
    |    |         ‘Cercaria’ corti O’Roke 1917D56
    |    |         ‘Cercaria’ convoluta Faust 1919D56
    |    |--MicroscaphidioideaOC03
    |    `--+--Diplodiscidae [Diplodiscinae]D56
    |       |    |--Opisthodiscus Cohn 1904D56
    |       |    |    `--O. diplodiscoides Cohn 1904D56
    |       |    |--Catadiscus Cohn 1904D56
    |       |    |    `--*C. dolichocotyle (Cohn 1903)D56
    |       |    `--Diplodiscus Diesing 1836 [incl. Megalodiscus Chandler 1923]D56
    |       |         |--D. conicum Polonio 1859D56
    |       |         |--D. subclavatus (Pallas 1760) (see below for synonymy)D56
    |       |         `--D. temperatusD56
    |       `--Cladorchiidae [Cladorchiinae]OC03
    |            |--SolenorchisOC03
    |            |    |--S. baeri Hilmy 1949M58
    |            |    |--S. gohari Hilmy 1949M58
    |            |    |--S. naguibmahfouzi Hilmy 1949M58
    |            |    `--S. travassosi Hilmy 1949M58
    |            |--CladorchisD56
    |            |--Wardius Barker 1915D56
    |            |--Hawkesius Stiles & Goldberger 1910D56
    |            |--Pfenderius Stiles & Goldberger 1910D56
    |            |--Brumptia Travassos 1921D56
    |            |--Pseudodiscus Sonsino 1895D56
    |            |--Watsonius Stiles & Goldberger 1910D56
    |            |    `--W. watsoni (Conyngham 1904)D56
    |            `--Stichorchis Fischoeder 1901D56
    |                 `--S. subtriquetrus (Rudolphi 1814) (see below for synonymy)D56
    `--PronocephaloideaOC03
         |--PronocephalidaeOC03
         `--+--OpisthotrematidaeOC03
            |    |--Lankatrema mannarense Crusz & Fernand 1954OC03, M58
            |    `--Opisthotrema dujonis (Leuckart 1874) [incl. O. cochleare Fischer 1883]M58
            `--+--+--Labicola [Labicolidae]OC03
               |  |    `--L. elongataOC03
               |  `--RhabdiopoeidaeOC03
               |       |--Rhabdiopoeus taylori Johnston 1913M58
               |       `--Taprobanella bicaudata Crusz & Fernand 1954OC03, M58
               `--NotocotylidaeOC03

Diplodiscus subclavatus (Pallas 1760) [=Fasciola subclavata, Amphistoma subclavatum, Planaria subclavata; incl. Cercaria diplocotylea Pagenstecher 1857]^D56

Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Rudolphi 1814) [=Amphistoma subtriquetrum; incl. Distoma amphistomoides Bojanus 1817]^D56

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms 2^nd ed. University Press: Cambridge.

[M58] Mackerras, M. J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. I–IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83 (2): 101–160.

[OC03] Olson, P. D., T. H. Cribb, V. V. Tkach, R. A. Bray & D. T. J. Littlewood. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). International Journal for Parasitology 33: 733–755.