Paramphistomatidae

Belongs within: Pronocephalata.

The Paramphistomatidae are a group of flukes with the ventral sucker at the posterior end of the body (Dawes 1956).

Characters (Dawes 1956): Amphistomatous Digenea having a thick, fleshy, conical body and powerful posterior sucker. Conspicuous ventral pouch may be present; oral sucker may be provided with postero-dorsal out-growths or pockets. Cuticle non-spinous. Pharynx absent (muscular thickening of oesophagus sometimes present), caeca simple and long or only of medium length. Cirrus pouch present or absent. Gonads rounded or slightly lobed, ovary generally behind testes. Uterus long, but mainly an ascending limb, with folds which occupy dorso-lateral regions. Vitellaria follicular, lateral, well developed, generally extending along entire lateral regions. Eggs not very numerous, generally large, sculptured. Hosts all classes of vertebrates. Location gut and bile ducts, sometimes other organs such as bladder. Cercariae amphistome type.

<==ParamphistomatidaeD56
    |--Chiorchis Fischoeder 1901 [Chiorchiinae]D56
    |--Balanorchis Fischoeder 1901 [Balanorchiinae]D56
    |    `--*B. anastrophus Fischoeder 1901D56
    |--Zygocotyle Stunkard 1916 [Zygocotylinae]D56
    |    `--Z. lunata (Diesing 1836) [=Amphistoma lunatum, Chiorchis lunatus; incl. Zygocotyle ceratosa Stunkard 1916]D56
    |--Gastrothylax Poirier 1883 (see below for synonymy)D56
    |    |--*G. crumenifer (Creplin 1847)D56
    |    |--G. cobboldi Poirier 1883D56
    |    |--G. elongatus Poirier 1883D56
    |    |--G. spatiosus Brandes 1898 [=Carmyerius spatiosus; incl. *Wellmanius wellmani]D56
    |    `--G. synethes Fischoeder 1901D56
    |--GastrodiscinaeD56
    |    |--Homalogaster Poirier 1882D56
    |    |    `--H. poloniae Poirier 1883D56
    |    `--Gastrodiscus Leuckart 1877 [incl. Gastrodiscoides Leiper 1913]D56
    |         |--G. aegyptiacus (Cobbold 1876) [incl. Cercaria diastropha Cort 1915]D56
    |         `--G. hominis (Lewis & McConnell 1876) [=Gastrodiscoides hominis]D56
    |--DadayatreminaeD56
    |    |--Dadayatrema Travassos 1932D56
    |    |--Dadayus Fukui 1929D56
    |    |--Microrchis Daday 1907D56
    |    |--Pseudodiplodiscus Szidat 1939D56
    |    |--Pseudocladorchis Daday 1907D56
    |    |--Travassosinia Vaz 1932D56
    |    `--Parabaris Travassos 1922D56
    |--ParamphistomatinaeD56
    |    |--Stephanopharynx Fischoeder 1901D56
    |    `--Paramphistomum Fischoeder 1901 [incl. Cotylophoron Stiles & Goldberger 1910]D56
    |         |--P. cervi (Schrank 1790) (see below for synonymy)D56
    |         |--P. cotylophorum Fischoeder 1901 [=Cotylophoron cotylophorum]D56
    |         |--P. explanatum (Creplin 1849) (see below for synonymy)D56
    |         |--P. gotoi Fukui 1926D56
    |         |--P. ichikawai Fukui 1922M58
    |         |--P. orthocoelium Fischoeder 1901D56
    |         `--P. siamense Stiles & Goldberger 1910D56
    `--SchizamphistomatinaeD56
         |--Stunkardia Bhalerao 1931D56
         |--Schizamphistomum scleroporum (Creplin 1844)D56
         |--Ophioxenos Sumwalt 1926D56
         |--Alassostoma Stunkard 1917D56
         |    |--A. magnumD56
         |    `--A. parvum Beaver 1929D56
         |--Alassostomoides Stunkard 1924D56
         |--Halltrema Lent & Freitas 1939D56
         |--Nematophila Travassos 1934D56
         `--Schizamphistomoides Stunkard 1924D56
              `--S. spinulosum (Looss 1901)D56

Paramphistomatidae incertae sedis:
  Kalitrema Travassos 1933D56
  Flagellotrema Ozaki 1937D56
  Helostomatis Bhalerao 1937D56
  Neocladorchis Bhalerao 1937D56
  Heterolebis Ozaki 1937D56
  Petalocotyle Ozaki 1937D56
  Nicollodiscus Srivastava 1937D56
  Orientodiscus Srivastava 1937D56
  Calicophoron calicophorum (Fischoeder 1901)M58
  Orthocoelium streptocoeliumBRW98
  Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus Crusz 1951M58
  Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium (Fischoeder 1901)M58

Gastrothylax Poirier 1883 [incl. Carmyerius Stiles & Goldberger 1910, Fischoederius Stiles & Goldberger 1910, Wellmanius Stiles & Goldberger 1910; Gastrothylacinae]^D56

Paramphistomum cervi (Schrank 1790) [=Fasciola cervi, Festucaria cervi; incl. Paramphistomum bathycotyle Fischoeder 1901, Monostoma conicum Zeder 1803, Amphistoma conicum, Fasciola elaphi Gmelin 1791, Paramphistomum epiclitum Fischoeder 1904, P. gracile Fischoeder 1901, P. liorchis Fischoeder 1901, P. microbothrium Fischoeder 1901, P. papilligerum Stiles & Goldberger 1910, P. papillosum Stiles & Goldberger 1910, Cercaria pigmentata Sonsino 1892, P. pisum Leiper 1910]^D56

Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin 1849) [incl. P. birmiense Railliet 1924, P. calicophorum Fischoeder 1901, P. caliorchis Stiles & Goldberger 1910, P. crassum Stiles & Goldberger 1910, P. formosanum Fukui 1929, P. fraternum Stiles & Goldberger 1910, P. gigantocotyle (Brandes 1896), P. ijimai Fukui 1922, P. microon Railliet 1924]^D56

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BRW98] Beesley, P. L., G. J. B. Ross & A. Wells (eds) 1998. Fauna of Australia vol. 5. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Part A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms 2^nd ed. University Press: Cambridge.

[M58] Mackerras, M. J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. I–IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83 (2): 101–160.