Belongs within: Phaeophyceae.
The Sphacelariales are a group of filamentous brown algae generally exhibiting an isomorphic alternation of generations (Adl et al. 2019).
Characters (Adl et al. 2019): Gametophyte and sporophyte branched multiseriate filaments, with apical growth; several scattered discoid plastids without pyrenoid; usually an isomorphic alternation of generations; isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous sexual reproduction.
Sphacelariales
| i. s.: Verosphacella Henry 1987AB19, DPR01
| `--*V. ebrachia Henry 1987DPR01
| Sphaceloderma Kuckuck 1894 [Sphacelodermaceae]SRR14
| Disphacella reticulata [=Sphacelaria reticulata Lyngbye 1819]S80
|--LithodermataceaeSRR14
| |--Lithoderma Areschoug 1875SRR14
| |--Bodanella Zimmermann 1927SRR14
| | `--B. lauterborniSRR14
| |--Heribaudiella Gomont 1896SRR14
| | `--H. fluviatilisBP08
| `--Pseudolithoderma Svedelius in Kjellman & Svedelius 1910SRR14
| |--P. nigrum Hollenberg 1969N10
| |--P. roscoffenseBP08
| `--P. subextensum (Waern) Lund 1959 [=Lithoderma subextensum Waern 1949]K98
`--+--Phaeostrophion Setchell & Gardner 1924 [Phaeostrophiaceae]SRR14
| `--P. irregulare Setchell & Garnder 1924 [incl. P. australe Dawson 1958]AH76
`--+--Stypocaulaceae [Halopterieae]SRR14
| |--Phloiocaulon Geyler 1866SRR14
| |--Protohalopteris Draisma, Prud’homme Van Reine & Kawai 2010SRR14
| |--Ptilopogon Reinke 1890SRR14
| | `--P. botryocladus (Hooker & Harvey) Rke. 1890 [=Sphacelaria botryoclada]L27
| `--Halopteris Kützing 1843 [incl. Stypocaulon Kützing 1843]SRR14
| |--H. filicinaSRR14 [=Sphacelaria felicinaG64]
| |--H. funicularis (Montagne) de Sauvages 1903 [=Stypocaulon funiculare]L27
| |--H. hordacea (Harvey) de Sauvages 1904 [incl. Stypocaulon paniculatum]L27
| `--H. scopariaECE00 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--Cladostephus Agardh 1817 [Cladostephaceae]SRR14
| |--C. spongiosusSRR14
| `--C. verticillatus (Lightf.) Lyngbye 1819L27
`--Sphacelariaceae [Sphacelarieae]SRR14
|--Anisocladus congestus Rke. 1890L27
|--Battersia Reinke ex Batters 1890SRR14
|--Herpodiscus South 1974SRR14
|--Sphacelorbus Draisma, Prud’homme & Kawai 2010SRR14
|--Sphacella Reinke 1890N10
| `--S. subtilissimaW03
|--Chaetopteris Kützing 1843SRR14
| `--C. plumosa [=Sphacelaria plumosa Lyngbye 1819]S80
`--Sphacelaria Lyngbye in Hornemann 1818N10 [incl. Delisella Bory 1823S80]
| i. s.: *S. caespitula Lyngbye 1819S80
| S. brevicornis Setchell & Gardner 1924 [=S. brevicorne]N10
| S. callitrichaBS-V28
| S. carolinensisDL10
| S. cirrhosa (Roth.) Agardh 1824L27 (see below for synonymy)
| S. cornuta Sauvageau 1901N10
| S. didichotoma Saunders 1898AH76
| S. divaricata Montagne 1849N10
| S. fuscaDL10
| S. implicata Sauvageau 1902L27
| S. racemosa Greville 1824 [incl. S. arctica Kjellman 1889, S. racemosa var. arctica]AH76
| S. radicansG64
| S. reinkeiL27
| S. subfusca Setchell & Gardner 1924N10
`--S. subg. PropaguliferaN10
|--S. (sect. Furcigerae Prud’homme van Reine 1982)N10
| `--S. rigidula Kützing 1843 [incl. S. furcigera Kützing 1855]N10
`--S. sect. Tribuloides Prud’homme van Reine 1982N10
|--S. californica (Sauvageau) Setchell & Gardner 1925 (see below for synonymy)N10
|--S. hancockii Dawson 1944 [incl. S. mexicana Taylor 1945]N10
|--S. novae-hollandicaN10
`--S. tribuloides Meneghini 1840N10
Nomina nuda: Sphacelaria papilioniformis Coppejans 1977DPR01
Halopteris scopariaECE00 [=Conferva scoparia Linnaeus 1753S80, Sphacelaria scoparia (Linnaeus) Lyngbye 1819G64, S80, Stypocaulon scoparium (Linnaeus) Kützing 1843LB12; incl. Sp. disticha Lyngbye 1819S80]
Sphacelaria californica (Sauvageau) Setchell & Gardner 1925 [=S. plumula var. californica Sauvageau 1901]N10
Sphacelaria cirrhosa (Roth.) Agardh 1824L27 [=Conferva cirrhosaS80; incl. C. pennata Hudson 1762S80, *Delisella pennataS80, Sphacelaria pennata (Hudson) Lyngbye 1819S80, S. scoparioides Lyngbye 1819S80, S. spinulosa Lyngbye 1819S80]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AH76] Abbott, I. A., & G. J. Hollenberg. 1976. Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press.
[AB19] Adl, S. M., D. Bass, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov, S. Agatha, C. Berney, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, P. Cárdenas, I. Čepička, L. Chistyakova, J. del Campo, M. Dunthorn, B. Edvardsen, Y. Eglit, L. Guillou, V. Hampl, A. A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, T. Y. James, A. Karnkowska, S. Karpov, E. Kim, M. Kolisko, A. Kudryavtsev, D. J. G. Lahr, E. Lara, L. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. Massana, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. Morrow, J. S. Park, J. W. Pawlowski, M. J. Powell, D. J. Richter, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, S. Shimano, F. W. Spiegel, G. Torruella, N. Youssef, V. Zlatogursky & Q. Zhang. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66: 4–119.
[BP08] Bittner, L., C. E. Payri, A. Couloux, C. Cruaud, B. de Reviers & F. Rousseau. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of the Dictyotales and their position within the Phaeophyceae, based on nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 211–226.
[BS-V28] Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. 1828. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Botanique. Cryptogamie. Arthus Bertrand: Paris.
[DL10] Ding, L., & R. Luan. 2010. The species diversity and its flora of order Sphacelariales (Phaeophyta) from China coast. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 103. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[DPR01] Draisma, S. G. A., & W. F. Prud’homme van Reine. 2001. Onslowiaceae fam. nov. (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 37: 647–649.
[ECE00] Ergen, Z., M. E. Çinar & G. Ergen. 2000. On the Nereididae (Polychaeta: Annelida) fauna of the Bay of İzmir. Zoology in the Middle East 21: 139–158.
[G64] Gray, J. E. 1864. Handbook of British Water-weeds or Algae. R. Hardwicke: London.
[K98] Kaehler, S. 1998. The non-coralline epilithic encrusting algae of Hong Kong II: Additions and identification. Asian Marine Biology 15: 1–17.
[L27] Laing, R. M. 1927. A reference list of New Zealand marine algae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 126–185.
[LB12] Luque, Á. A., A. Barrajón, J. M. Remón, D. Moreno & L. Moro. 2012. Marginella glabella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Marginellidae): a new alien species from tropical West Africa established in southern Mediterranean Spain through a new introduction pathway. Marine Biodiversity Records 5: e17.
[N10] Norris, J. N. 2010. Marine algae of the northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 94: 1–276.
[SRR14] Silberfeld, T., F. Rousseau & B. de Reviers. 2014. An updated classification of brown algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae). Cryptogamie, Algologie 35 (2): 117–156.
[S80] Silva, P. C. 1980. Remarks on algal nomenclature VI. Taxon 29 (1): 121–145.
[W03] Womersley, H. B. S. 2003. The Marine Benthic Flora of southern Australia. Rhodophyta—part IIID. Ceramiales—Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 18. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra, and the State Herbarium of South Australia: Adelaide.