Tithaeidae

Belongs within: Epedanoidea.

The Tithaeidae are a southeast Asian family of harvestmen with a low ocularium lacking a median spine (Sharma & Giribet 2011).

Characters (Sharma & Giribet 2011): Medium-sized Grassatores with low ocularium removed from anterior margin of carapace, lacking a median spine. Slight to large hump sometimes situated anterior of ocularium. Scutal region divided into five areas, areas I and II not fused. Chelicerae with basal segment not enlarged. Leg I lacking spines. Tarsal formula 5: 8+: 5: 6. Distitarsi of legs I and II typically with two tarsalia. Tarsi III and IV with unmodified double claws, scopulae absent. Distal margin of ventral plate of penis usually with deep cleft, or widening distally into setiferous and conical structure; glans with simple membranous lobe covering stylus; terminus of stylus either a bifurcate or slightly inflatable lobe; prominent parastylar lobes absent; no ring of setae surrounding a capsula interna. Ovipositor lobes typically with a pair of ventral and dorsal setae.

Tithaeidae
    |--Tithaeus Thorell 1891 [incl. Sinis Loman 1892 nec Heer 1862 nec Thorell 1878, Sinniculus Loman 1902]LZK08
    |    |--*T. laevigatus Thorell 1891LZK08
    |    |--T. annandaleiR36
    |    |--T. drac Lian, Zhu & Kury 2008LZK08
    |    |--T. flavescens Banks 1930B30
    |    |--T. fraseri Suzuki 1972S82
    |    |--T. granulatus Banks 1930B30
    |    |--T. jacobsoni Roewer 1923R23
    |    |--T. kokutnus Suzuki 1985LZK08
    |    |--T. longipes Banks 1930B30
    |    |--T. nigripes Banks 1930B30
    |    |--T. rudispina Roewer 1936R36
    |    |--T. sarawakensis Roewer 1912R23
    |    |--T. similis Suzuki 1985LZK08
    |    |--T. vagus (Loman 1892)R23 [=*Sinis vagusL92, Sinniculus vagusR23]
    |    `--T. watanabei Suzuki 1969LZK08
    `--Metatithaeus Suzuki 1969SG11
         `--M. rubidus Suzuki 1969SG11

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B30] Banks, N. 1930. Phalangida from Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, new series 4 (1): 57–86, pls 11–12.

[LZK08] Lian, W.-G., M.-S. Zhu & A. B. Kury. 2008. A new species of the genus Tithaeus from China (Arachnida: Laniatores: Epedanidae). Zootaxa 184: 53–60.

[L92] Loman, J. C. C. 1892. Opilioniden von Sumatra, Java und Flores. In: M. Weber (ed.) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien vol. 3 pp. 1–26, pl. 1. E. J. Brill: Leiden.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R36] Roewer, C. F. 1936. Opiliones aus Malaya. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore 12: 72–76.

[SG11] Sharma, P. P., & G. Giribet. 2011. The evolutionary and biogeographic history of the armoured harvestmen—Laniatores phylogeny based on ten molecular markers, with the description of two new families of Opiliones (Arachnida). Invertebrate Systematics 25: 106–142.

[S82] Suzuki, S. 1982. A small collection of harvestmen from Malaysia (Opiliones, Arachnida). Acta Arachnologica 31 (1): 27–34.