Trichogramma

Belongs within: Trichogrammatidae.

Trichogramma is a genus of minute egg parasitoid wasps. Species of this genus are among the most widely used wasps in the biological control of Lepidoptera species.

Characters (from Girault 1918): Female antenna six-segmented; funicle two-segmented, shorter than pedicel; clava solid, without terminal nipple. Male antenna four-segmented, with long and nodular single-segmented clava, clothed with long hairs. Forewings with discal cilia all in straight lines; marginal vein short, more or less equal to stigmal and slightly curved; stigmal vein long with a slender neck; distal venation more or less bowed. Abdomen more or less pointed.

<==Trichogramma Westwood 1833GM79
    |--T. parkeriMH11
    `--+--T. evanescensMH11 [=Pteroptrix evanescensW39; incl. Calleptiles latipennisW39]
       `--+--T. platneriMH11
          `--T. pretiosumMH11
Trichogramma incertae sedis:
  T. australicum Girault 1912GM79
  T. brevicornisGJR97
  T. cacoeciaeA71
  T. cordubensisGJR97
  T. deionGJR97
  T. euproctidis (Girault 1911)GM79
  T. exiguumPO96
  T. fasciatum Perkins 1912GM79
  T. kalkaeNS91
  T. minutum Riley 1871GM79 [incl. T. helocharae Perkins 1907G18, GM79, T. perkinsi Girault 1912G18, GM79]
  T. retorridum (Girault 1911)GM79
  T. semblidis (Aurivillius 1897)GM79
  T. (Trichogramma)PO96
    |--T. (T.) drepanophorumPO96
    |--T. (T.) falx Pinto & Oatman 1996PO96
    |--T. (T.) maori Pinto & Oatman 1996PO96
    `--T. (T.) valentinei Pinto & Oatman 1996PO96
  T. (Trichogrammanza) funiculatumPO96
  T. (Trichogrammatana Girault 1932)G32
    `--T. (*T.) singularis Girault 1932G32

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[GJR97] Giordano, R., J. J. Jackson & H. M. Robertson. 1997. The role of Wolbachia bacteria in reproductive incompatibilities and hybrid zones of Diabrotica beetles and Gryllus crickets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94: 11439–11444.

[G18] Girault, A. A. 1918. North American Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 142–152).

[G32] Girault, A. A. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 293–298).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

[NS91] Nagelkerke, C. J., & M. W. Sabelis. 1991. Precise sex-ratio control in the pseudo-arrhenotokous phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt. In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 193–207. Chapman & Hall: London.

[PO96] Pinto, J. D., & E. R. Oatman. 1996. Description of three new Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from New Zealand and their relationship to New World species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 396–406.

[W39] Walker, F. 1839. Monographia Chalciditum vol. 1. Hyppolitus Ballière: London.