Belongs within: Asterales.
Contains: Liatris, Blumea, Balsamorhiza, Geigeria, Hemizonia, Lasthenia, Lessingia, Lipochaeta, Cremanthodium, Machaeranthera, Arnica, Eriophyllum, Heterotheca, Hulsea, Layia, Pyrrocoma, Tetradymia, Wyethia, Colymbada, Mutisioideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae, Asteroideae.
The Asteraceae, also known as Compositae, are a large family of plants distinguished by their production of composite flowers: a large number of minute flowers are clustered together on a common base, giving the superficial appearance of a single flower. The individual flowers may be tubular or ligulate. In the classic radiate ‘daisy’ arrangement, the central flowers are tubular with a circumferential ring of ligulate flowers but other forms have all florets either one form or the other. Past classifications accordingly divided the composite-flowered plants between the subfamilies Liguliflorae and Tubuliflorae, but this division has since been recognised as somewhat artificial. Instead, the South American Barnadesioideae have been recognised as the sister group to the remaining Asteraceae; members of this clade lack a 22 kb inversion in the chloroplast genome found in all other members of the family (Panero & Funk 2002). Barnadesia is a genus of shrubs and small trees with spiny stems.
Other basal groups include the Gochnatioideae, containing species found in the Americas characterised by glabrous styles and anthers with appendiculate appendages (Panero & Funk 2002). Most gochnatioids bear discoid capitula except the genera Cnicothamnus and Richterago.
Hecastocleis shockleyi, prickleleaf, is a low, prickly shrub found on rocky slopes in the southwestern United States. The Pertyoideae are a group of Asian composites bearing discoid or disciform, homogamous heads with florets with actinomorphic, deeply but unequally divided corollas. Gymnarrhena is a genus of rosette-forming perennial herbs found in northern Africa and the Middle East that produces both aerial and subterranean flower heads. Corymbium is a South African genus of tufted herbs with lanceolate, parallel-veined leaves bearing single-flowered heads (Panero & Funk 2002).
Systematics of Asteraceae
Characters (Black & Robertson 1965): Herbs or shrubs with alternate or opposite exstipulate leaves. Flowers regular or irregular, bisexual or unisexual, sessile or almost so, collected together on a common receptacle or floral base in heads surrounded by an involucre of bracts arranged in one or several rows; surface of receptacle nake or furnished with bracts (chaffy scales), normally one to each flower but sometimes split into fine bristles; calyx mounted on summit of ovary and consisting of ring of bristles or scales or of a small cup or crown called the pappus, or rarely absent; corolla sympetalous, either regular and tubular, the tube expanded upwards into a long or short limb which is more or less deeply cut into five, rarely four, valvate lobes or teeth, or irregular with the teeth or lobes united and extended outwards on one side into a flat usually linear or oblong tongue or ligule, or sometime outer female flowers very slender (filiform) with two or three minute teeth; stamens as many as corolla-lobes, alternate with them and inserted in tube, anthers linear, two-celled, opening inwards by longitudinal slits and usually united in tube round style; ovary inferior, one-celled, with one erect anatropous ovule; style divided at summit in fertile flowers into two (rarely more) long or short stigmatic branches; fruit a small indehiscent achene, naked or crowned by pappus; seed exalbuminous, with thin testa often adherent to pericarp; embryo straight, with short inferior radicle.
<==Asteraceae [Cinarocephalae, Compositae, Lactucoideae, Mutisiaceae, Tubuliflorae]
|--BarnadesiaK03 [Barnadesieae, BarnadesioideaePF02]
| `--B. caryophyllaK03
`--+--MutisioideaePF02
`--+--Gochnatioideae [Gochnatieae]PF02
| |--Gochnatia Kunth in HBK 1820PF02
| |--CnicothamnusPF02
| |--CyclolepisPF02
| |--Richterago [incl. Actinoseris]PF02
| `--ChucoaPF02
`--+--Hecastocleis Gray 1882 [Hecastocleideae, Hecastocleioideae]PF02
| `--H. shockleyiH93
`--+--CarduoideaePF02
`--+--+--Gymnarrhena Desfontaines 1818 [Gymnarrheneae, Gymnarrhenoideae]PF02
| `--+--CichorioideaePF02
| `--+--Corymbium Linnaeus 1737 [Corymbieae, Corymbioideae]PF02
| `--AsteroideaePF02
`--Pertyoideae [Pertyeae]PF02
|--Pertya Schultz 1862PF02
|--Ainsliaea latifoliaPF02, D07
|--DiaspananthusPF02
|--MacroclinidiumPF02
`--MyripnoisPF02
Asteraceae incertae sedis:
LiatrisGYS03
BlumeaLK14
TetramolopiumH03
TuberostylisH03
CatamixisYY22
DinoserisYY22
HymenocleaYY22
|--H. monogyraH93
`--H. salsolaH93
|--H. s. var. salsolaH93
|--H. s. var. patulaH93
`--H. s. var. pentalepisH93
AcamptopappusYY22
|--A. shockleyiH93
`--A. sphaerocephalusH93
|--A. s. var. sphaerocephalusH93
`--A. s. var. hirtellusH93
AchaetogeronYY22
AchmophoraYY22
Achyrachaena mollisH93
AdelostigmaYY22
AganippeaYY22
AiolothecaYY22
AllendeaYY22
AniauriaYY22
AmblyocarpumYY22
AmellusYY22
Amphiglossa thujaCV06
AmphoricarpusYY22
AnaglyphaYY22
AnaxetonYY22
AntithrixiaYY22
AphanactisYY22
AphanostephusYY22
AgyroxiphiumYY22
ArnicastrumYY22
ArrowsmithiaYY22
AstephaniaYY22
AsteromoeaYY22
AxiniphyllumYY22
BalsamorhizaYY22
BaltimoraYY22
BellidaYY22
Bellium minutumPT98
Berlandiera lyrataYY22, BT72
BileveilleaYY22
BlainvilleaPP07
|--B. acmellaPP07
`--B. latifoliaRCu02
Blepharizonia plumosaH93
|--B. p. ssp. plumosaH93
`--B. p. ssp. viscidaH93
BrachychaetaYY22
BradburiaYY22
BryomorpheYY22
CacosmiaYY22
CadiscusYY22
Callistephus chinensisBR65, MN03
Calostephane marlothianaCV06
Calyptocarpus vialisRCl02
CarpesiumYY22
CeruanaYY22
Chaetopappa ericoides [=Leucelene ericoides]H93
ChardiniaYY22
CharieisYY22
ChionolaenaYY22
ChlamyditesYY22
ChroilemaYY22
ChromolepisYY22
ChrysactiniaYY22
ChrysogonumYY22
Clibadium villosumMM96
ColeocomaYY22
CommidendronYY22
Crocidium multicauleH93
CrossostephiumYY22
CyathoclineSS02
|--C. luteaSS02
|--C. manilaliana Prabhakar Raju & Venkata Raju 1999SS02
`--C. purpureaSS02
CylindroclineYY22
CypselodontiaYY22
DelameresYY22
DenekiaYY22
Dichrocephala integrifoliaD07
DicranocarpusYY22
DiplostephiumC61
|--D. anactinotumC61
|--D. antioquense Cuatrecasas 1961C61
|--D. denticulatumC61
|--D. eriophorumR96
|--D. revolutumR96
|--D. rosmarinifoliumR96
|--D. saxatile Cuatrecasas 1961C61
`--D. tabanenseC61
DipterocomeYY22
DoronicumYY22
|--D. austriacumC55a
|--D. caucasicumC55a
|--D. pardalianchesC55b
|--D. plantagineumC55b
|--D. royleiO88
`--D. scorpioidesC55a
ErmeiastrumYY22
EutetrasYY22
EvaxH93
|--E. multicaulisH93
|--E. proliferaH93
`--E. pygmaeaPT98
FeliciaCV06
|--F. albaCV06
|--F. gunillaeCV06
`--F. smaragdinaCV06
Fresenia DC. 1836KC01
GamolepisYY22
GarcilassaYY22
Garuleum schinziiCV06
|--G. s. ssp. schinziiCV06
`--G. s. ssp. crinitumCV06
GeigeriaCV06
GlossocardiaLK14
|--G. bidensLK14
`--G. bosvalleaPP07
GlyciderasYY22
GoldmanellaYY22
GolionemaYY22
Grangea maderaspatanaPP07
GratwickiaYY22
GreenellaYY22
GrypocarphaYY22
GuardiolaYY22
Gymnodiscus Less. 1831KC01
GymnospermaYY22
GymnostephiumYY22
HeliopsisYY22
HemizonellaYY22
HemizoniaYY22
HeptanthusYY22
HertiaYY22
HeterolepisYY22
HeteropappusYY22
HidalgoaYY22
HinterhuberaC61
|--H. columbicaC61
|--H. ericoidesC61
`--H. nevadensis Cuatrecasas 1961C61
HippiaYY22
HomochaeteYY22
HomochromaYY22
HomogyneYY22
IchthyothereYY22
Ifloga spicata [incl. I. fontanesii]D17
InulopsisYY22
IschneaYY22
IsocarphaYY22
JaegenaYY22
KeerliaYY22
KoehneolaYY22
LachnophyllumYY22
Laggera alata (Don.) Schultz ex Oliver 1873 [=Erigeron alatum Don. 1825, Blumea alata (Don) de Candolle 1836]SS02
LagophyllaYY22
|--L. dichotomaH93
|--L. glandulosa [incl. L. glandulosa var. serrata]H93
|--L. minorH93
`--L. ramosissimaH93
|--L. r. ssp. ramosissimaH93
`--L. r. ssp. congestaH93
Lantanopsis hispidulaJ87
LasiocomaYY22
LasiopogonCV06
|--L. ponticulusCV06
`--L. volkiiCV06
LastheniaYY22
LecocarpusYY22
LeontonyxYY22
LepidostephiumYY22
LeptocarphaYY22
LessingiaYY22
LeysseraYY22
LifagoYY22
LindheimeraYY22
LipochaetaYY22
Macowania Oliv. 1870KC01
MairiaYY22
Melampodium perfoliatumYY22, M68
MelanodendronYY22
MerrittiaYY22
MicractisYY22
MicrolecaneYY22
MicrotrichiaYY22
MinurothamnusYY22
MolleraYY22
MonarrhenusYY22
MonolopiaYY22
|--M. gracilensH93
|--M. lanceolataH93
|--M. majorH93
`--M. strictaH93
MonoptilonYY22
|--M. bellidiformeH93
`--M. bellioidesH93
MooniaYY22
MyriactisYY22
NannoglottisO88
|--N. hookeriO88
`--N. soulieiO88
NanothamnusYY22
Narvalina domingensisJ87
NerrittiaYY22
NestleraYY22
Nicolasia heterophyllaCV06
|--N. h. ssp. heterophyllaCV06
`--N. h. ssp. affinisCV06
Nidorella mordenstamiiCV06
NolletiaCV06
|--N. chrysocomoidesD17
`--N. tenuifoliaCV06
OdontospermumYY22
OederaYY22
OlivaeaYY22
Ondetia linearisCV06
OreochrysumYY22
OsmitesYY22
OsmitopsisYY22
OtochlamyaYY22
OxypappusYY22
PartheniceYY22
Pechuelloeschea [=Pechuel-Löschea]YY22
Perralderia coronopifoliaD17
PetalacteYY22
PetalactellaYY22
PetrolliniaYY22
PhacellothrixYY22
PhaenocomaYY22
PhalacrocarpumYY22
PhemmeraYY22
PhilactisYY22
PhiloglossaYY22
Philyrophyllum brandbergenseCV06
PhymaspermumYY22
PinillosiaYY22
PodochaeniumYY22
PolygyneYY22
PorphyrostemmaYY22
PrintziaYY22
PsiadiaYY22
Psilactis coulteriYY22, M68 [=Machaeranthera coulteri (Gray) Turner & Horne 1964M68]
RaillardellaYY22
|--R. argenteaH93
|--R. pringleiH93
`--R. scaposaH93
RemyaYY22
Rhantherium adpressumB89
RhodogeronYY22
Rhynchosperma wallichianaYY22, RCu02
RiddeliaYY22
RiencourtiaYY22
RochoniaYY22
RuckeriaYY22
RumfordiaYY22
SabaziaYY22
SachaiaYY22
SartwelliaYY22
SchistocarphaYY22
SchistostephiumYY22
SchizotrichiaYY22
Sclerocarpus africanusPP07
ScyphocoronisYY22
Selloa glutinosaYY22, BT72
SheareriaYY22
Silphium terebinthaceumT-W89
SphacophyllumYY22
SphaeromorphaeaYY22
Sphagneticola trilobataLK14 [=Thelechitonia trilobataH06]
StaurochlamysYY22
SteirodiscusYY22
StemmatellaYY22
StenoclineYY22
StephanodoriaYY22
StilpnogyneYY22
SymphyllocarpusYY22
SyncephalanthaYY22
SyntrichopappusYY22
|--S. fremontiiH93
`--S. lemmoniiH93
TetragonothecaYY22
TetranthusYY22
TetraperoneYY22
ThespidiumYY22
ThespisYY22
ThymopsisYY22
TolboniaYY22
TragocerosYY22
TrigonospermumYY22
TriplocephalumYY22
UrbinellaYY22
VancleveaYY22
VarillaYY22
VenegaziaYY22
VieraeaYY22
VillanovaYY22
WelwitschiellaYY22
Whitneya dealbataH93
WyomingiaYY22
XanthismaYY22
ZoegeaYY22
Arsium arvenseYY22
LuciliopsisYY22
LycoserisYY22
ParastrephiaYY22
PetrobiumYY22
SynchodendronYY22
TafallaYY22
ArchibaccharisYY22
RhetinodendronYY22
OligandraYY22
Blepharipappus scaber [incl. B. scaber ssp. laevis]H93
Cladanthus arabicusYY22, D17
CremanthodiumO88
EatonellaH93
|--E. congdoniiM68
`--E. niveaH93
GeissopappusYY22
GonospermumYY22
GynoxysYY22
Gynura sarmentosaYY22, RCu02
Ligularia fischeriO88
OligothrixYY22
OthakeYY22
Pericome caudataH93
WaldheimiaO88
|--W. glabraO88
|--W. niveaO88
`--W. tomentosaO88
PetasitesO88
|--P. albus [=Tussilago alba]C55b
|--P. frigidusH93
| |--P. f. var. frigidusH93
| `--P. f. var. palmatusH93
|--P. hybridusNN95
|--P. niveusC55a
`--P. tricholobusO88
Nardosmia fragrans [=Tussilago fragrans]C55b
Tussilago farfaraC55a, C55b
MachaerantheraFM80
BrachyactisO88
|--B. anomalaO88
|--B. pubescensO88
`--B. royleiO88
CacaliaO88
|--C. chenopodiifoliaO88
|--C. penninervisO88
`--C. pentalobaO88
CicerbitaSS05
|--C. cyaneaO88
|--C. filicina (Duthie) Mamgain & Rao 1989 [=Lactuca filicina Duthie ex Stebbins 1939]SS05
|--C. macranthaO88
|--C. macrorhizaO88
| |--C. m. var. macrorhizaO88
| `--C. m. var. saxatilisO88
`--C. panciciiGR98
Cousinia thomsoniiO88
DendranthemaO88
|--D. mutellinaO88
|--D. nubigenumO88
`--D. tenuiflorumO88
Dubyaea hispidaO88
JurineaC98
|--J. dolomiaeaO88
`--J. mollis (Linnaeus) Reichenb. 1831PL04 (see below for synonymy)
|--J. m. ssp. mollisC98
| |--J. m. ssp. m. f. mollisC98
| `--J. m. ssp. m. f. erectobracteata Conti 1998C98
`--J. m. ssp. anatolica (Boissier) Stoj. & Stef. 1925PL04
Leibnitzia nepalensisO88
PrenanthesO88
|--P. albaF13
|--P. altissimaF13
`--P. violaefoliaO88
SoroserisO88
|--S. deasyiO88
|--S. gilliiO88
| |--S. g. ssp. gilliiO88
| `--S. g. ssp. occidentalisO88
|--S. glomerataO88
|--S. hookerianaO88
| |--S. h. ssp. hookerianaO88
| `--S. h. ssp. erysimoidesO88
`--S. pumilaO88
YoungiaO88
|--Y. depressaO88
|--Y. gracilipesO88
|--Y. japonicaJ87
|--Y. racemiferaO88
|--Y. simulatrixO88
`--Y. tenuifoliaO88
|--Y. t. ssp. tenuifoliaO88
`--Y. t. ssp. diversifoliaO88
Praxelis clematideaW03
Aetheorhiza bulbosaPT98
|--A. b. ssp. bulbosaPT98
`--A. b. ssp. microcephalaPT98
AsteriscusPT98
|--A. aquaticusPT98
|--A. graveolensCS77
`--A. pygmaeusD17
DittrichiaPL04
|--D. graveolensGK00
`--D. viscosa (Linnaeus) Greuter 1973PL04
Geropogon hybridusPT98
Hyoseris scabraPT98
Notobasis syriacaPT98
Ptilostemon chamaepeucePT98, S98
Leucopsis (de Candolle 1836) Baker in Martius 1882 non Olivier 1792 (ICZN)FT93
Kleinia neriifoliaES06 [incl. Senecio kleiniaJ54]
ActinoboleKM08
|--A. condensatumKM08
|--A. drummondianaK90
|--A. oldfieldianaK90
`--A. uliginosumG04a
AsterideaG04b
|--A. athrixioidesG04b
`--A. pulverulentaGK00
Blennospora drummondiiOS04
Erymophyllum ramosumG04a
Gilberta tenuifoliaG04a
Gilruthia osborneiG04a
StreptoglossaLK14
|--S. cylindricepsG04a
|--S. liatroidesG04a
`--S. odoraLK14
Trichanthodium skirrophorumG04a
HyalospermaG04b
|--H. cotulaGK00
|--H. demissumG04b
`--H. simplexGK00
Argentipallium niveumOS04
Pterochaeta paniculataOS04
Steptorhamphus tuberosus (von Jacquin) Grossh. 1934PL04
Caesulia axillarisP03
LaunaeaPP07
|--L. acaulisM72
|--L. arborescensN-A04
|--L. fallaxM72
|--L. procumbensVB02
`--L. resedifoliaPP07
EremothamneaeT00
|--Eremothamnus marlothianusCV06
`--HoplophyllumT00
ChamaemelumH93
|--C. fuscatum [=Anthemis fuscata]H93
`--C. nobile [=Anthemis nobilis]H93
PithocarpaGK00
|--P. corymbulosaGK00
`--P. pulchellaGK00
PogonolepisKM08
|--P. muellerianaKM08
`--P. strictaGK00
Elytropappus rhinocerotisK02
AntiphionaCV06
|--A. fragransCV06
`--A. pinnatisectaCV06
PentatrichiaCV06
|--P. avasmontanaCV06
`--P. rehmiiCV06
Dauresia alliariifolia [=Senecio alliariifolius]CV06
GazaniaCV06
|--G. linearis [incl. G. longiscapa]H93
|--G. splendensR35
`--G. thermalisCV06
Gorteria diffusaCV06
|--G. d. ssp. diffusaCV06
`--G. d. ssp. parviligulataCV06
Myxopappus hereroensisCV06
Norlindhia apteraCV06
PegolettiaCV06
|--P. pinnatilobataCV06
`--P. plumosaCV06
Pentzia tomentosaCV06
PteroniaCV06
|--P. eeniiCV06
|--P. polygalifoliaCV06
|--P. pomonaeCV06
|--P. rangeiCV06
`--P. spinulosaCV06
Rennera eeniiCV06
Tripteris nervosaCV06
Campuloclinium macrocephalumH06
TithoniaH06
|--T. diversifoliaH06
`--T. rotundifoliaH06
EmiliaLK14
|--E. fosbergiiJ87
`--E. sonchifoliaLK14
Piqueria trinervaJ87
Pembertonia latisquameaKM08
Xerochrysum bracteatumMM09
Oligochaeta ramosaPP07
Tridax procumbensLK14
*Artemisiastrum palmeri [=Artemisia palmeri]M79
Ammobium alatumV09
Leptorhynchus squamatusM65
Donia Br. 1813A61
BaileyaH93
|--B. multiradiataH93
|--B. pauciradiataH93
`--B. pleniradiataBM76
ParagynoxysC61
|--P. meridanaC61
`--P. undulatifolia Cuatrecasas 1961C61
ParasenecioCP02
|--P. monanthaCP02
`--P. nokoensisCP02
Acmella grandifloraLK14
|--A. g. var. grandifloraLK14
`--A. g. var. brachyglossaLK14
Allopterigeron filifoliusLK14
Cyanthillium cinereumLK14
Iotasperma australienseLK14
PentalepisLK14
|--P. ecliptoidesLK14
`--P. trichodesmoidesML13
PeripleuraLK14
|--P. spechtiiLK14
| |--P. s. var. spechtiiLK14
| `--P. s. var. kimberleyensisLK14
`--P. virgataLK14
Pleurocarpaea denticulataLK14
Cenia turbinataC06
Lapsana communisC06
Acourtia microcephala [=Perezia microcephala]H93
Acroptilon repensH93 [=Centaurea repensH93; incl. C. picrisBR65]
AdenophyllumH93
|--A. cooperi [=Dyssodia cooperi]H93
`--A. porophylloides [=Dyssodia porophylloides]H93
Amphipappus fremontiiH93
|--A. f. var. fremontiiH93
`--A. f. var. spinosusH93
Ancistrocarphus filagineus [=Stylocline filaginea; incl. S. filaginea var. depressa]H93
CymbolaenaH93
Anisocoma acaulisH93
ArgyranthemumH93
|--A. foeniculaceum [=Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum; incl. C. anethifolium]H93
`--A. frutescensH93
ArnicaH93
Bebbia junceaH93
|--B. j. var. junceaH93
`--B. j. var. asperaH93
Cacaliopsis nardosmiaH93
CalycadeniaH93
|--C. fremontii [incl. C. ciliosa, C. elegans]H93
|--C. hooveriH93
|--C. mollisH93
|--C. multiglandulosa (see below for synonymy)H93
|--C. oppositifoliaH93
|--C. paucifloraH93
|--C. spicataH93
|--C. truncata [incl. C. truncata ssp. microcephala, C. truncata ssp. scabrella]H93
`--C. villosaH93
CalycoserisH93
|--C. parryiH93
`--C. wrightiiH93
Chaetadelpha wheeleriH93
ChamomillaH93
|--C. occidentalis [=Matricaria occidentalis]H93
`--C. suaveolens [incl. Matricaria matricarioides]H93
Chloracantha spinosa [=Aster spinosus]H93
Dimeresia howelliiH93
Dugaldia hoopesii [=Helenium hoopesii]H93
Dyssodia papposaH93
Eastwoodia elegansH93
EriophyllumH93
EuthamiaH93
|--E. graminifoliaDHS19
`--E. occidentalis [=Solidago occidentalis]H93
GeraeaH93
|--G. canescensH93
`--G. viscidaH93
Glyptopleura marginata [incl. G. setulosa]H93
HelianthellaH93
|--H. californicaH93
| |--H. c. var. californicaH93
| |--H. c. var. nevadensisH93
| `--H. c. var. shastensisH93
`--H. castaneaH93
Heteranthemis viscidehirtaH93
HeterothecaH93
HolocarphaH93
|--H. heermanniiH93
|--H. macradeniaH93
|--H. obconica [incl. H. obconica ssp. autumnalis]H93
`--H. virgataH93
|--H. v. ssp. virgataH93
`--H. v. ssp. elongataH93
Holozonia filipesH93
HulseaH93
IsocomaH93
|--I. acradenia [=Haplopappus acradenius]H93
| |--I. a. var. acradeniaH93
| |--I. a. var. bracteosa [=Haplopappus acradenius var. bracteosus]H93
| `--I. a. var. eremophila [=Haplopappus acradenius var. eremophilus]H93
|--I. arguta [=Haplopappus venetus ssp. argutus]H93
`--I. menziesii [incl. Haplopappus venetus, I. veneta]H93
|--I. m. var. menziesiiH93 (see below for synonymy)
|--I. m. var. sedoides [=Haplopappus venetus var. sedoides]H93
`--I. m. var. vernonioides [=Haplopappus venetus ssp. veronioides]H93
LayiaH93
Lembertia congdoniiH93
LepidospartumH93
|--L. latisquamumH93
`--L. squamatum [incl. L. squamatum var. palmeri]H93
LeucanthemumH93
|--L. maximumH93 [=Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond 1800H93, R00]
`--L. vulgare [incl. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum]H93
|--L. v. var. vulgareS72
`--‘Chrysanthemum leucanthemum’ var. pinnatifidumS72
Luina hypoleucaH93
Malperia tenuisH93
Nicolletia occidentalisH93
NothocalaisH93
|--N. alpestrisH93
`--N. troximoidesH93
Orochaenactis thysanocarphaH93
Osmadenia tenella [=Calycadenia tenella]H93
PalafoxiaH93
|--P. aridaH93
| |--P. a. var. aridaH93
| `--P. a. var. gigantea [=P. linearis var. gigantea]H93
`--P. linearisM68
Peucephyllum schottiiH93
Phalacroseris bolanderi [incl. P. bolanderi var. coronata]H93
Pleurocoronis pluriseta [=Hoffmeisteria pluriseta]H93
Porophyllum gracileH93
Prenanthella exigua [=Lygodesmia exigua]H93
Prionopsis ciliataH93 [=Aster ciliatusM68, Donia ciliataM68, Haplopappus ciliatusH93]
PsathyrotesH93
|--P. annuaH93
`--P. ramosissimaH93
PseudobahiaH93
|--P. bahiifolia [=Monolopia bahiifolia]H93
|--P. heermannii [=Eriophyllum heermannii]H93
`--P. peirsoniiH93
PyrrocomaH93
RafinesquiaH93
|--R. californicaH93
`--R. neomexicanaH93
RaillardiopsisH93
|--R. muirii [=Raillardella muirii]H93
`--R. scabrida [=Raillardella scabrida]H93
SantolinaH93
|--S. chamaecyparisusH93
|--S. marchiiR-CT01
`--S. rosmarinifoliaRCT96
StebbinsoserisH93
|--S. decipiens [=Microseris decipiens]H93
`--S. heterocarpa [=Microseris heterocarpa]H93
Uropappus lindleyi [=Microseris lindleyi; incl. M. linearifolia]H93
StenotusH93
|--S. acaulis [=Haplopappus acaulis]H93
|--S. lanuginosusH93
|--‘Haplopappus’ pulvinatus Moran 1969M69
`--S. stenophyllus [=Haplopappus stenophyllus]H93
TetradymiaH93
Thymophylla pentachaetaH93
|--T. p. var. pentachaetaH93
`--T. p. var. belenidium [=Dyssodia pentachaeta var. belenidium; incl. D. thurberi]H93
TonestusH93
|--T. eximius [=Haplopappus eximius]H93
|--T. lyallii [=Haplopappus lyallii]H93
`--T. peirsonii [=Haplopappus peirsonii]H93
TownsendiaH93
|--T. condensataH93
|--T. leptotesH93
|--T. parryiH93
`--T. scapigeraH93
Trichocoronis wrightiiH93
Trichoptilium incisumH93
TrimorphaH93
|--T. acrisH93
| |--T. a. var. acrisH93
| `--T. a. var. debilis [=Erigeron debilis]H93
`--T. lonchophylla [=Erigeron lonchophylla]H93
Venegasia carpesioidesH93
Venidium fastuosumH93
WyethiaH93
XylorhizaH93
|--X. cognata [=Machaeranthera cognata]H93
|--X. orcuttii [=Machaeranthera orcuttii]H93
`--X. tortifolia [=Machaeranthera tortifolia]H93
Hieracites salyorum Saporta 1861CBH93
‘Tricolporopollenites’ microechinatus Hochuli 1978CBH93
Tubulifloridites antipodica Kemp & Harris 1975CBH93
BedfordiaWB-P93
|--B. arborescensWB-P93
`--B. salicinaSN08
Acanthotheca DC. 1838KC01
Arnoldia Mass. 1856KC01
Asterothrix Cass. 1827KC01
Ceratella Hook. f. 1844KC01
Cladochaete DC. 1838KC01
Eriosphaera Dietr. 1817KC01
Laestadia Kunth ex Less. 1832KC01
Margarita Gaudin 1829 nec Leach 1814 (ICZN) nec Leach 1819 (ICZN)KC01
Martinia Vaniot 1903 non M’Coy 1844 (ICZN)KC01
Mosigia Spreng. 1826KC01
Peltidium Zollik. 1820KC01
Sphaerocephalus Lag. ex DC. 1812KC01
Xanthopsis (DC.) Koch 1851KC01
Argyroxyphium sandwicenseSBM11
|--A. s. ssp. sandwicenseSBM11
`--A. s. ssp. macrocephalumSBM11
Wilkesia gymnoxiphiumSBM11
Daubautia scabraSBM11
Echinacea pallidaS72
Goniocaulon indicum (Klein ex Willd.) Clarke 1876 (see below for synonymy)SY72
CalcitrapoidesBGS05
ChamaecyanusBGS05
Cheirolophus [incl. Palaeocyanus]BGS05
|--C. crassifoliusBGS05
`--C. sempervirensBGS05
PetrodavisiaBGS05
RhaponticoidesBGS05
`--‘Centaurea’ centauriumBGS05
ColymbadaBGS05
Microgyne macrophyllaA78
Chrysocoryne pusillaK90
Farfugium grandeT-W89
Cineraria sinensisT-W89
VarthemiaD17
|--V. iphionoidesD17
|--V. montanaD17
`--V. sericea [=Jasonia sericea Batt. & Trab. 1913]D17
Francoeuria crispaD17
AnvilleaD17
|--A. garciniL98
`--A. radiataD17
|--A. r. var. radiataD17
`--A. r. var. australisD17
Nananthea perpusillaD17
Chlamydophora pubescensD17
ZollikoferiaD17
|--Z. mucronataD17
|--Z. nudicaulisD17
|--Z. resedifoliaD17
`--Z. spinosaD17
Bracteantha bracteataB00 (see below for synonymy)
Laphamia intricata [=Perityle intricata]M68
Chrysopsis villosaM68
Bracteantha bracteataB00 [=Xeranthemum bracteatum Ventenat 1804BR65, Helichrysum bracteatum (Ventenat) Andrews 1805BR65; incl. Elichrysum lucidum Henckel 1806BR65]
Calycadenia multiglandulosa [incl. C. multiglandulosa ssp. bicolor, C. multiglandulosa ssp. cephalotes, C. hispida, C. hispida ssp. reducta, C. multiglandulosa ssp. robusta]H93
Goniocaulon indicum (Klein ex Willd.) Clarke 1876 [=Serratula indica Klein ex Willd. 1803; incl. G. glabrum Cass. 1817]SY72
Isocoma menziesii var. menziesiiH93 [incl. Haplopappus venetus ssp. furfuraceusH93, H. venetus ssp. oxyphyllusM69, I. menziesii ssp. oxyphyllusH93]
Jurinea mollis (Linnaeus) Reichenb. 1831PL04 [=Carduus mollis Linnaeus 1759C98, Cirsium molleC10; incl. Ca. moschatus Gussone 1825C98, Jurinea mollis ssp. moschata (Gussone) Nyman 1879C98, J. mollis var. moschata (Gussone) Visiani 1847C98, J. moschata (Gussone) de Candolle 1838C98]
*Type species of generic name indicated
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