Belongs within: Reptantia.
Contains: Heterotremata, Pinnotheridae, Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea, Raninoida, Homoloidea, Dromioidea, Homolodromioidea.
The Brachyura are the true crabs, a group of decapods in which the reduced abdomen is held to the underside of the sternum. The uropods are absent and the abdomen has lost all locomotory functions (Dixon et al. 2003).
Basal relationships within the Brachyura have been contentious. Some authors have supported a division between the Podotremata, in which both males and females possess coxal gonopores, and the Eubrachyura, in which at least the females possess sternal gonopores. However, monophyly of the Podotremata is uncertain, and they may be paraphyletic to the Eubrachyura. Within the Eubrachyura, members of the group Thoracotremata have sternal gonopores in both males and females.
Synapomorphies (Dixon et al. 2003): Orbito-antennularis fossa present, formed by carapace and one or more antennae; third maxillipedes operculiform; uropods absent; telson without any specialization for escape or digging. Posterior edge of carapace straight, second pleomere not expanded. First and second male pleopods arranged so that the second pleopod passes through the first, the two collectively forming a single gonopod.
<==Brachyura [Brachyuri, Cancerides]
|--Eubrachyura [Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha]GT01
| | i. s.: ‘Xanthosia’ robertsi Secretan 1982GT01
| | Falconoplax van Straelen 1933GT01
| | Zanthopsis leachii Desmarest 1822 [=Xanthopsis leachii]GT01
| |--HeterotremataGT01
| `--ThoracotremataMD01
| |--PinnotheridaeMD01
| |--GrapsoideaMD01
| `--OcypodoideaMD01
`--PodotremataGT01
|--RaninoidaGT01
|--HomoloideaGT03
`--DromiaceaGT01
| i. s.: Imocaris Schram & Mapes 1984SM84
| `--*I. tuberculata Schram & Mapes 1984SM84
| Eocarcinus Withers 1932GT01 [EocarcinidaeBWW93]
| `--E. praecursor Withers 1932GT01
|--DromioideaMD01
`--HomolodromioideaMD01
Brachyura incertae sedis:
Dromiopsis Reuss 1859GT01
Paraxanthosia Müller & Collins 1991GT01
RaninoidesDAS03
|--R. bouvieri Capart 1951DAS03
`--R. lousianensisCG97
MicrocassiopePB06
|--M. minor (Dana 1852)KK03
`--M. xantusii (Stimpson 1871)PB06
EthusidaeMG-H11
|--Ethusa mascarone (Herbst 1785)MG-H11, KK03
`--EthusinaMG-H11
Hypothalassia [Hypothalassiidae]MG-H11
`--H. acerba Koh & Ng 2000MG-H11
MathildellidaeMG-H11
|--Mathildella serrata (Sakai 1974)MG-H11
`--Neopilumnoplax nieli Ahyong 2008MG-H11
Iphiculus [Iphiculidae]MG-H11
`--I. spongiosus Adams & White 1848MG-H11
Halimus diacanthusB64
ChasmagnathusB64
|--C. laevisB64
`--C. subquadratusB64
Megametope rotundifronsB64
Ruppellioides convexusB64
BathynectesKK03
|--B. longipes (Risso 1816)KK03
|--B. maravigna (Prestandrea 1839)KK03
|--B. piperitusK-MC02
`--B. superbaPP64
EurynomeKK03
|--E. aldrovandiR26
|--E. aspera (Pennant 1777)KK03
`--E. scutelatus Risso 1826R26
Herbstia condyliata (Fabricius 1787)KK03
IliaKK03
|--I. levigataR26
|--I. nucleus (Linnaeus 1758)KK03
`--I. rugulosa Risso 1826R26
Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus 1767)KK03
Paractea monodi Guinot 1969KK03
Pirimela denticulata (Montagu 1808)KK03
PortumnusKK03
|--P. latipes (Pennant 1777)KK03
`--P. variegatusM01
Sirpus zariquieyi Gordon 1953KK03
Xaiva biguttata (Risso 1816)KK03
Orithyia mamillarisG20
Pteropeltarion novaezelandiaePG98
Potamobius fluviatilisR26
MacropodesR26
|--M. arachnidesR26
`--M. longirostrisR26
Doclea fabricianaR26
Selwynia [Aphanodactylidae]HS15
`--S. sibogae (Tesch 1918)HS15
Crossotonotus [Crossotonotidae]HS15
`--C. spinipes (De Man 1888)HS15
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B64] Bennett, E. W. 1964. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 153: 1–120.
[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.
[CG97] Cohen, B. L., & A. B. Gawthrop. 1997. The brachiopod genome. In: Kaesler, R. L. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, Revised vol. 1. Introduction pp. 189–211. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[GT01] Guinot, D., & M. Tavares. 2001. Une nouvelle famille de crabes du Crétacé, et la notion de Podotremata Guinot, 1977 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 23 (3): 507–546.
[GT03] Guinot, D., & M. Tavares. 2003. A new subfamilial arrangement for the Dromiidae de Haan, 1833, with diagnoses and descriptions of new genera and species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 25 (1): 43–129.
[HS15] Hosie, A. M., A. Sampey, P. J. F. Davie & D. S. Jones. 2015. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: crustaceans. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 247–285.
[K-MC02] Klein-MacPhee, G., & B. B. Collette. 2002. Scorpionfishes. Family Scorpaenidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 331–338. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.
[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[M01] M’Intosh, W. C. 1901. The coloration of marine animals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 221–240.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[PB06] Poupin, J., & J. M. Bouchard. 2006. The eastern Pacific species of the genus Calcinus Dana, 1851, with description of a new species from Clipperton Island (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae). Zoosystema 28 (2): 465–486.
[PG98] Probert, P. K., & S. L. Grove. 1998. Macrobenthic assemblages of the continental shelf and upper slope off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 259–280.
[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.
[SM84] Schram, F. R., & R. H. Mapes. 1984. Imocaris tuberculata, n. gen., n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the upper Mississippian Imo Formation, Arkansas. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 20 (11): 165–168.