Macroscelididae

Bushveld elephant shrew Elephantulus intufi, copyright Yathin.

Belongs within: Atlantogenata.

The Macroscelididae, elephant shrews, are a group of small, cursorial insectivorous mammals known from Africa. Members of this group have long, mobile snouts that provide the inspiration for their vernacular name.

<==Macroscelididae [Dipogales, Macroscelidoidea]
    |  i. s.: MiorhynchocyonOB13
    |--Mylomygale Broom 1948 [Mylomygalinae]V67
    |    `--M. spiersi Broom 1948B78
    |--HerodotiinaeR06
    |    |--HerodotiusR06
    |    |--NementchatheriumR06
    |    `--Chambius Hartenberger 1986R06, SM93
    |         `--C. kasserinensis Hartenberger 1986GH99
    |--Myohyracinae [Myohyracidae]M78
    |    |--Protypotheroides Stromer 1922M78
    |    |    `--P. beetzi Stromer 1922B78
    |    `--Myohyrax Andrews 1914M78
    |         |--*M. oswaldi Andrews 1914M78 [incl. M. doederleini Stromer 1926B78]
    |         `--M. osborniD07
    |--Rhynchocyon Peters 1847V67 [incl. Rhinonax Thomas 1918V67; RhynchocyoninaeB78, Rhynchocyonini]
    |    |  i. s.: R. clarki Butler & Hopwood 1957B78
    |    |         R. rusingae Butler 1969B78
    |    |         R. stuhlmanniJP84
    |    |--+--R. chrysopygus Guenther 1881FS15, AS86
    |    |  `--R. udzungwensisFS15
    |    `--+--R. cirneiFS15
    |       `--R. petersi Bocage 1880FS15, AS86
    `--Macroscelidinae [Macroscelidini]B78
         |  i. s.: Palaeothentoides Stromer 1932V67
         |           `--P. africanus Stromer 1932B78
         |         Metolbodotes Schlosser 1910 [=Metoldobotes]V67
         |           `--M. stromeri Schlosser 1910B78
         |--+--Macroscelides Smith 1829FS15, V67 (see below for synonymy)
         |  |    `--M. proboscideusANG03
         |  |         |--M. p. proboscideusB78
         |  |         `--M. p. vagans Butler & Greenwood 1976B78
         |  `--+--‘Elephantulus’ rozetiFS15
         |     `--Petrodromus Peters 1846FS15, V67 [incl. Cercoctenus Hollister 1916V67, Mesoctenus Thomas 1918V67]
         |          `--P. tetradactylusIT07
         |               |--P. t. tetradactylusAS86
         |               |--P. t. sangi Heller 1912 [=P. sultani sangi]AS86
         |               `--P. t. sultani Thomas 1897AS86
         `--Elephantulus Thomas & Schwann 1906FS15, V67 [incl. Elephantomys Broom 1937B78, Nasilio Thomas & Schwann 1906V67]
              |  i. s.: E. antiquus Broom 1948B78
              |         E. broomi [incl. Elephantomys langi Broom 1937]B78
              |         E. vandamiB78
              |--+--E. revoiliFS15
              |  `--+--E. fuscipesFS15 [=Nasilio fuscipesB78]
              |     `--E. fuscusFS15 [=Nasilio fuscusB78]
              |          |--E. f. fuscusB78
              |          `--E. f. leakeyi (Butler & Greenwood 1965)B78
              `--+--+--E. myurusFS15
                 |  `--+--E. edwardiiFS15
                 |     `--E. pilicaudusFS15
                 `--+--+--*E. rupestrisB78, FS15
                    |  `--E. intufiFS15 [=Elephantomys intufiB78]
                    `--+--E. brachyrhynchus (Smith 1836)FS15, AS86 (see below for synonymy)
                       `--E. rufescens (Peters 1878)FS15, AS86 (see below for synonymy)

Elephantulus brachyrhynchus (Smith 1836)FS15, AS86 [=Macroscelides brachyrhynchusAS86, E. (Nasilio) brachyrhynchusAS86; incl. Nasilio brachyrhynchus albiventer Osgood 1910AS86, Macroscelides delamarei Thomas 1901AS86]

Elephantulus rufescens (Peters 1878)FS15, AS86 [=Macroscelides rufescensAS86; incl. M. boranos Thomas 1900AS86, Elephantulus delicatus Dollman 1911AS86, E. dundasi Dollman 1910AS86, E. rufescens mariakanae Heller 1912AS86, E. phaeus Heller 1910AS86, E. pulcher rendilis Lonnberg 1912AS86]

Macroscelides Smith 1829FS15, V67 [incl. Diposorex Blainville 1838V67, Eumerus Geoffroy Saint-Hailaire 1829V67, Macroscelis Fischer 1830V67, Rhinomys Lichtenstein 1831V67]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AS86] Aggundey, I. R., & D. A. Schlitter. 1986. Annotated checklist of the mammals of Kenya. II. Insectivora and Macroscelidea. Annals of Carnegie Museum 55 (14): 325–347.

[B78] Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In: Maglio, V. J., & H. B. S. Cooke (eds) Evolution of African Mammals pp. 56–68. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[FS15] Faurby, S., & J.-C. Svenning. 2015. A species-level phylogeny of all extant and late Quaternary extinct mammals using a novel heuristic-hierarchical Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 14–26.

[GH99] Gheerbrant, E. & J.-L. Hartenberger. 1999. Nouveau mammifère insectivore (?Lipotyphla, ?Erinaceomorpha) de l’Eocène inférieur de Chambi (Tunisie). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73 (1–2): 143–156.

[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PloS One 2 (3): e296.

[JP84] Jolicoeur, P., P. Pirlot, G. Baron & H. Stephan. 1984. Brain structure and correlation patterns in Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Primates. Systematic Zoology 33 (1): 14–29.

[M78] Meyer, G. E. 1978. Hyracoidea. In: Maglio, V. J., & H. B. S. Cooke (eds) Evolution of African Mammals pp. 284–314. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[OB13] O’Leary, M. A., J. I. Bloch, J. J. Flynn, T. J. Gaudin, A. Giallombardo, N. P. Giannini, S. L. Goldberg, B. P. Kraatz, Z.-X. Luo, J. Meng, X. Ni, M. J. Novacek, F. A. Perini, Z. S. Randall, G. W. Rougier, E. J. Sargis, M. T. Silcox, N. B. Simmons, M. Spaulding, P. M. Velazco, M. Weksler, J. R. Wible & A. L. Cirranello. 2013. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K–Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339: 662–667.

[R06] Rose, K. D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.

[SM93] Stucky, R. K., & M. C. McKenna. 1993. Mammalia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 739–771. Chapman & Hall: London.

[V67] Van Valen, L. 1967. New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135 (5): 217–284.

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