Maculinea

Belongs within: Polyommatini.

Maculinea includes the large blue butterflies of the Palaearctic region. Maculinea species have larvae that feed on flower buds in early instars, but spend their later instars in ant nests where they prey on ant larvae or are fed by adult ants (Als et al. 2004).

<==Maculinea van Eecke 1915AV04
    |  i. s.: M. kondakovi (Kurentzov 1970)AV04, WF02 [=Lycaena kondakoviWF02, M. alcon kondakoviAV04]
    |         M. kurentzovi Sibatani et al. 1994WF02
    |         M. sinalcon (Murayama 1992)AV04, WF02 [=M. teleius sinalconAV04]
    |         M. xiaheana (Murayama 1991)AV04, WF02 [=Glaucopsyche xiaheanaWF02, M. arion xiaheanaAV04]
    |--+--*M. alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller 1775)WF02, AV04, WF02 [=Papilio alconWF02]
    |  |    |--M. a. alconAV04
    |  |    |--M. a. monticolaAV04
    |  |    `--M. a. xerophilaAV04
    |  `--M. rebeli [=M. alcon rebeli]AV04
    `--+--+--M. nausithousAV04
       |  `--M. teleius (Bergsträsser 1799)AV04, WF02 [=Papilio teleiusWF02]
       |       |--M. t. teleiusAV04
       |       |--M. t. euphemia (Staudinger 1887) [=Lycaena euphemia, L. euphemus euphemia]WF02
       |       |--M. t. hazamoto (Druce 1875)I92
       |       `--M. t. ogumaeAV04
       `--+--M. arion (Linnaeus 1758)AV04, WF02 [=Papilio (Plebejus) arionWF02, L58]
          |    |--M. a. arionWF02
          |    |--M. a. inferna Sibatani et al. 1994 (see below for synonymy)WF02
          |    `--M. a. ussuriensis (Sheljuzhko 1928) [=Lycaena arion ussuriensis]WF02
          |--M. arionides (Staudinger 1887)AV04, WF02 [=Lycaena arionidesWF02]
          `--M. cyanecula (Eversmann 1848)AV04, WF02 (see below for synonymy)

Maculinea arion inferna Sibatani et al. 1994 [=Lycaena arion tatsienluca Oberthür 1910 non L. orbitulus tatsienluca Oberthür 1910]^WF02

Maculinea cyanecula (Eversmann 1848)^{AV04, WF02} [=Lycaena cyanecula^WF02, L. arion var. cyanecula^P01, Maculinea arion cyanecula^AV04]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AV04] Als, T. D., R. Vila, N. P. Kandul, D. R. Nash, S.-H. Yen, Y.-F. Hsu, A. A. Mignault, J. J. Boomsma & N. E. Pierce. 2004. The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue butterflies. Nature 432: 386–390.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[P01] Pável, J. 1901. Lepkék [Lepidopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 171–177. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[WF02] Wang M. & Fan X. 2002. Butterflies Fauna Sinica: Lycaenidae. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House.