Belongs within: Peltigerineae.
The Peltigeraceae are a family of generally cyanobacterium-associated lichenised fungi, found worldwide but particularly in temperate regions. Peltigera bears sessile apothecia on the margins of the thallus or on ascending lobules whereas Solorina bears apothecia scattered on the thallus surface (Murray 1960).
Characters (Cannon & Kirk 2007): Lichenized with cyanobacteria or green algae (then often with cyanobacterial cephalodia). Thallus usually large and spreading, foliose, lobed, usually green or dark greyish, matt or shiny, sometimes with cephalodia, corticate only on the upper surface, the lower surface often tomentose and with conspicuous rhizoids. Ascomata apothecial, formed on the upper surface, laminar or marginal, with a thin covering layer which breaks apart at an early stage to expose the hymenium, flat or saddleshaped, brown or black. Interascal tissue of simple conglutinate paraphyses, sometimes swollen at the tip. Asci fissitunicate with a thickened apex, a J+ apical ring and a more weakly J+ gelatinized outer layer. Ascospores hyaline to brown, elongate, transversely septate, sometimes ornamented. Anamorphs pycnidial, poorly known.
<==Peltigeraceae
|--Hydrothyria Russell 1856KC01
|--Siphulina (Hue) Dodge 1965KC01
|--Solorina Ach. 1808 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| |--S. crocea (Linnaeus) Ach. 1810 [=Lichen croceus Linnaeus 1753]M60
| `--S. saccataML04
`--Peltigera Willd. 1787 (nom. cons.) (see below for synonymy)KC01
| i. s.: P. aphtosaA96
| P. austroamericanaJ87
| P. coloradoensis Gyelnik 1930M60
| P. didactylaRS99
| P. meridianaM60
| P. neopolydactylaML04
|--P. subg. PeltideaM60 [=Peltidea Ach. 1803KC01]
| `--P. nigripunctata Bitt. 1909 [incl. P. nigripunctata f. farinosa Gyelnik 1932]M60
`--P. subg. PeltigeraM60
| i. s.: P. dolichorhiza Nyl. 1888 [=P. polydactyla var. dolichorhiza Nyl. 1860, P. dolichorrhiza]M60
| |--P. d. var. dolichorhiza [incl. P. dolichorhiza f. javanica Gyelnik 1930]M60
| |--P. d. var. nana (Nyl.) Murray 1960 (see below for synonymy)M60
| `--P. d. var. oceanica [=P. oceanica Gyelnik 1931]M60
| P. frigidaM60
| P. horizontalisM60
| |--P. h. var. horizontalisM60
| `--P. h. var. muscorum (Schleich) Schaer. 1833 [=P. muscorum Schleich 1823]M60
| |--P. h. var. m. f. muscorumM60
| `--P. h. var. m. f. albido-pruinosa Murray 1960M60
| P. lairdii Dodge & Rudolph 1955M60
| P. scutata (Dicks) Duby 1830 [=P. polydactyla var. scutata Müll. Arg. 1896]M60
| P. virescens (Steiner) Gyelnik 1932 (see below for synonymy)M60
|--+--P. scabrosaML04
| `--+--P. polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. 1790ML04, M60 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--P. p. var. polydactylaM60
| | | |--P. p. var. p. f. polydactylumM60
| | | `--P. p. var. p. f. microcarpaM60
| | `--P. p. var. magyarica (Gyelnik) Murray 1960 [=P. magyarica Gyelnik 1937]M60
| `--+--P. occidentalisML04
| `--P. hymeninaML04 [=P. polydactyla var. hymeninaM60]
`--+--P. hydrothyria Miadlikowska & Lutzoni 2000 [=Hydrothyria venosa]ML04
`--+--+--P. venosaML04
| `--+--P. leucophlebiaML04
| `--+--P. malacea (Ach.) Funck 1827ML04, M60 [=Peltidea malacea Ach. 1814M60]
| `--+--P. aphthosaML04
| `--P. britannicaML04
|--+--P. elisabethaeML04
| `--+--P. neckeriML04
| `--P. polydactyloides Nyl. 1863ML04, M60 (see below for synonymy)
|--P. retifoveataML04
`--+--+--P. monticolaML04
| `--P. ponojensisML04
`--+--P. continentalisML04
|--P. kristinssoniiML04
`--+--+--+--P. extenuataML04 [=P. didactyla var. extenuataE98]
| | `--P. lambinoniiML04
| `--+--P. laciniataML04
| `--P. rufescens Humb. 1793ML04, M60 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--P. cinnamomeaML04
`--+--P. degeniiML04
|--P. membranaceaML04
`--+--P. canina (Linnaeus) Willd. 1787ML04, M60 [=Lichen caninus Linnaeus 1753M60]
| |--P. c. var. canina [incl. P. c. var. albescens, P. c. var. ulorrhiza]M60
| `--P. c. var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer 1833 (see below for synonymy)M60
| |--P. c. var. s. f. spuriaM60
| `--P. c. var. s. f. sorediata Schaer. 1850M60
`--P. praetextata (Flk.) Wain 1899ML04, M60 (see below for synonymy)
Peltigera Willd. 1787 (nom. cons.) [=Peltigeromyces Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas. 1953 non Møller 1901, Peltophora Clem. 1909; incl. Antilyssa Haller ex Choisy 1929, Byrsalis Neck. ex Kremp. 1869, Chloropeltigera (Gyeln.) Gyeln. 1934 (nom. inv.), Chloropeltis Clem. 1909, Peltideomyces Thomas 1939 (nom. inv.), Placodion Adans. 1763 (nom. rej.)]KC01
Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaer 1833 [=Lichen spurius Ach. 1798, P. rufescens var. spuria Kitk 1871; incl. P. pusilla Müller 1896, P. canina var. pusilla Bab. in Hooker 1855]M60
Peltigera dolichorhiza var. nana (Nyl.) Murray 1960 [=P. polydactyla var. nana, P. nana Wainio 1913, P. nana var. philippina Gyelnik 1936 (nom. illeg.); incl. P. nana f. nervosa Gyelnik apud Zahlbr. 1941]M60
Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. 1790ML04, M60 [=Lichen polydactylon Neck. 1771M60, Peltidea polydactyla Hooker 1844M60; incl. P. polydactyla f. lophyraM60, P. polydactyla f. minor Krmph. 1870M60]
Peltigera polydactyloides Nyl. 1863ML04, M60 [=P. polydactyla var. polydactyloidesM60; incl. P. crassoides Gyeln. 1930M60]
Peltigera praetextata (Flk.) Wain 1899ML04, M60 [=Peltidea ulorrhiza var. praetextata Flk. apud Sommerf. 1826M60; incl. P. nitens f. zeelandica Gyeln. 1929M60]
Peltigera rufescens Humb. 1793ML04, M60 [=Lichen caninus var. rufescens Weis. 1770M60, P. canina var. rufescens (Weis.) Mudd 1861M60; incl. P. rufescens var. spuria Hooker 1867 non Lichen spurius Ach. 1798M60]
Peltigera virescens (Steiner) Gyelnik 1932 [=P. rufescens var. virescens Steiner apud Zahlbr. & Zederb. 1907; incl. P. pellucida f. dilacerata Gyeln. apud Zahlbr. 1941, P. degeni f. tasmaniae Gyel. 1929, P. virescens var. tasmaniae Gyelnik apud Zahlbruckner 1941, P. tereziana Gyelnik 1928]M60
Solorina Ach. 1808 [=Solorinomyces Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas. 1953; incl. Neosolorina (Gyeln.) Räsänen 1943, Ruspoliella Sambo 1937, Solorinina Nyl. 1884, Sommerfeltia Flörke ex Sommerf. 1827 (nom. rej.); Solorinaceae]KC01
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A96] Alstrup, V. 1996. Nectria tatrensis sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi found on the bryo-lichenological excursion in Slovakia 1993. Biologia 51: 13–14.
Cannon, P. F., & P. M. Kirk. 2007. Fungal Families of the World. CABI.
[E98] Etayo, J. 1998. Some hypocrealean lichenicolous fungi from southwest Europe. Nova Hedwigia 67 (3–4): 499–509.
[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[ML04] Miadlikowska, J., & F. Lutzoni. 2004. Phylogenetic classification of peltigeralean fungi (Peltigerales, Ascomycota) based on ribosomal RNA small and large subunits. American Journal of Botany 91 (3): 449–464.
[M60] Murray, J. 1960. Studies on New Zealand lichens. Part III.—The family Peltigeraceae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 381–399.
[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1–248.