Belongs within: Muricidae.
Contains: Lepsiella, Nassa, Purpura, Acanthina, Morula, Drupa, Thais.
The Rapaninae, including purples and drupes, are a group of muricid gastropods with thick and solid, often strongly sculptured shells that lack true varices, and a horny operculum with a lateral nucleus. Most species feed on barnacles, bivalves and other molluscs, often by boring a hole through the prey’s shell (Wilson & Gillett 1971).
<==Rapaninae (see below for synonymy)ZLK11
|--Cronia Adams & Adams 1853ZLK11, WG71
| |--*C. amygdala (Kiener 1835) [=Purpura amygdala]RA75
| |--C. aurantiaca (Hombron & Jacquinot 1835) [incl. C. pseudamygdala Hedley 1903]W94
| |--C. avellana (Reeve 1846)WG71
| |--C. gibba (Pease 1865) (see below for synonymy)C80
| `--C. ochrostomaC80
`--+--MorulaZLK11
`--+--DrupaZLK11
`--+--‘Thais’ gradataZLK11
`--+--Stramonita Schumacher 1817ZLK11, RA75
| |--*S. (Stramonita) haemastoma (Linné 1867) [=Buccinum haemastoma]RA75
| `--S. (Semiricinula von Martens 1903)W94
| `--S. (*S.) muricina (Blainville 1832) (see below for synonymy)W94
`--+--ThaisZLK11
`--Rapana Schumacher 1817ZLK11, BR05
| i. s.: R. neozelanicaA27
| R. thomasiana Crosse 1861W94, BD86
| R. waihaoensisA27
|--R. venosa (Valenciennes 1846)ZLK11, BD86 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--*R. bezoar (Linnaeus 1758)W94, ZLK11, RA75 (see below for synonymy)
`--R. rapiformis (Born 1778)ZLK11, BD86
Rapaninae incertae sedis:
LepsiellaWG71
NassaWG71
Agnewia Tenison Woods 1878 [=Adamsia Dunker 1856 non Forbes 1840]W94
`--A. tritoniformis (Blainville 1832)P61, RA75 (see below for synonymy)
‘Purpurella’ Bellardi 1882 nec Robineau-Desvoidy 1853 nec Dall 1871BR05
`--*P. canaliculata Bellardi 1882RA75
Taurasia Bellardi 1882BR05
`--*T. subfusiformis (d’Orbigny 1952) (see below for synonymy)BR17
Concholepas Lamarck 1801BR05 (see below for synonymy)
`--C. concholepas (Bruguière 1789)GO78 [=Buccinum concholepasRA75; incl. *C. peruviana Lamarck 1801BR17, RA75]
Vexilla Swainson 1840WG71, RA75 [=Provexillum Hedley 1918RA75]
|--V. vexillum (Gmelin 1791)WG71 (see below for synonymy)
`--V. fuscolineataC64
PurpuraBR05
AcanthinaS11
Chorus Gray 1847C64, RA75
`--*C. giganteus (Lesson 1831) [=Monoceros giganteus]RA75
Drupina Dall 1923W94
|--D. grossularia (Röding 1798)W94 (see below for synonymy)
`--D. lobata (Blainville 1832)WG71
Pinaxia Adams & Adams 1853W94
`--P. versicolor (Gray 1839)W94 [incl. *P. coronata Adams 1853W94, RA75]
Thaisella Clench 1947W94
|--*T. trinitatensis (Guppy 1869)RA75 [=Purpura trinitatensisRA75, Stramonita (*Thaisiella) trinitatensisW94]
|--T. gradata (Jonas 1846)W94 (see below for synonymy)
|--T. javanica (Philippi 1848) [=Cymia javanica, Stramonita (Thaisiella) javanica]W94
`--T. langi (Clench & Turner 1948) [=Thais (Thaisella) langi]BC01
Vitularia Swainson 1840W94 [incl. Transtrafer Iredale 1929W94, Vitulina Swainson 1840RA75]
|--V. miliaris (Gmelin 1791)WG71 (see below for synonymy)
|--V. candida Adams & Adams 1863F27
|--V. crenifera (Montrouzier in Souverbie 1861) (see below for synonymy)C80
|--V. salebrosa (King & Broderip 1832)S11
`--V. sandwicensis Pease 1861K65
VasulaEO64
|--V. melones [=Thais (Vasula) melones]EO64
`--V. speciosaFG19
Nomen nudum: Purpura emarginata Mighels 1841J49 [incl. P. conradi Nutt. msC64]
Agnewia tritoniformis (Blainville 1832)P61, RA75 [=Purpura tritoniformisRA75, Thais tritoniformisF27; incl. Agnewia levidensis Kesteven 1902W94, Ag. nautica Thornley 1952W94, Purpura typica Dunker 1857W94, RA75, *Adamsia typicaRA75, *Agnewia typicaRA75]
Concholepas Lamarck 1801BR05 [incl. Conchopatella Herrmannsen 1847RA75, Conchulus Rafinesque 1815RA75; Concholepadidae]
Cronia gibba (Pease 1865) [=Latirus gibbus, Drupa gibba; incl. Murex crossei Linard 1873, Favartia crossei, Coralliophila dissimulans Preston 1904]C80
Drupina grossularia (Röding 1798)W94 [=Drupa grossulariaWG71; incl. Ricinula digitata Lamarck 1816RA75, *Drupina digitataRA75]
*Rapana bezoar (Linnaeus 1758)W94, ZLK11, RA75 [=Buccinum bezoarRA75; incl. R. foliacea Schumacher 1817RA75]
Rapana venosa (Valenciennes 1846)ZLK11, BD86 [=Purpura venosaBD86; incl. R. bezoar Reeve 1847 non Buccinum bezoar Linnaeus 1758BD86, R. pontica Nordsieck 1969BD86]
Rapaninae [Purpurellinae, Purpuridae, Purpurinae, Rapananina, Rapanidae, Taurasiinae, Taurasinae, Thaididae, Thaidinae, Thaisidae]ZLK11
Stramonita (*Semiricinula) muricina (Blainville 1832) [=Purpura muricina; incl. S. brunneolabrum Dall 1923, S. foliacea Conrad 1837, S. marginata Blainville 1832]W94
*Taurasia subfusiformis (d’Orbigny 1952) [=Purpura subfusiformis, P. fusiformis Michelotti 1847 non Röding 1798]BR17
Thaisella gradata (Jonas 1846)W94 [=Cuma gradataW78, Cymia gradataW94, Stramonita (Thaisiella) gradataW94; incl. S. grateloupiana Petit 1850W94, S. trigonia Reeve 1846W94]
Vexilla vexillum (Gmelin 1791)WG71 [=Strombus vexillumW94, Murex vexillumRA75; incl. *Vexilla picta Swainson 1840RA75, *Provexillum pictumRA75, V. taenicata Powys in Sowerby 1835W94]
Vitularia crenifera (Montrouzier in Souverbie 1861) [=Murex crenifer, V. crenifer; incl. Transtrafer asiaticus Kuroda 1960, T. asiatica]C80
Vitularia miliaris (Gmelin 1791)WG71 [=Murex miliarisRA75; incl. *Transtrafer longmani Iredale 1929W94, *Vitularia tuberculata Swainson 1840RA75, M. vitulina Lamarck 1816RA75, *Vitulina vitulinaRA75]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.
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[C80] Cernohorsky, W. O. 1980. The taxonomy of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca. Part 7. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 16: 171–187.
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[RA75] Radwin, G. E., & A. D’Attilio. 1975. A catalogue of muricacean generic taxa. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 17 (20): 279–292.
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