Saniculeae

Belongs within: Apiaceae.
Contains: Eryngium.

The Saniculeae are a group of umbelliferous plants characterised by fruits with a minutely ornamented surface, two mericarps, and a non-lignified endocarp composed of a single cell layer (Liu et al. 2003). Members include the African genus Alepidea, characterised by inflexed petals and mericarps lacking ribs. Species of another African genus, Arctopus, lack petals and produce leaves growing flat to the ground.

<==Saniculeae
    |--AlepideaLWT03
    |    |  i. s.: A. setiferaLWT03
    |    |--+--A. peduncularisCD07
    |    |  `--A. reticulataCD07
    |    `--+--+--+--A. amatymbicaCD07
    |       |  |  `--A. attenuataCD07
    |       |  `--+--A. macrowaniiCD07
    |       |     `--A. pusillaCD07
    |       `--+--A. natalensisCD07
    |          `--+--A. capensisCD07
    |             |--A. ciliarisCD07
    |             |--A. galpiniiCD07
    |             |--A. piliferaCD07
    |             |--A. serrataCD07
    |             `--A. thodeiCD07
    `--+--Arctopus Linnaeus 1753CD07, PC85 [Arctopodeae]
       |    `--A. echinatusCD07
       `--+--+--ActinolemaCD07
          |  |    |--A. eryngioidesCD07
          |  |    `--A. macrolemaLWT03
          |  `--Astrantia Linnaeus 1753LWT03, PC85 [Astrantieae]
          |       |--A. sect. AstrantiaCD07
          |       |    |--A. majorCD07
          |       |    `--+--A. colchicaCD07
          |       |       `--A. maximaCD07
          |       `--A. sect. AstrantiellaCD07
          |            |--A. bavaricaCD07
          |            `--A. minorCD07
          `--+--Petagnaea gussonei [incl. Petagnia saniculifolia]CD07
             `--+--EryngiumCD07
                `--Sanicula Linnaeus 1753CD07, PC85
                     |  i. s.: S. arguta [incl. S. simulans]H93
                     |         S. coerulescensLWT03
                     |         S. elataD07
                     |         S. gregariaK03
                     |         S. (sect. Tuberculatae) hacquetoidesCD07
                     |         S. hoffmanniiH93
                     |         S. laciniataH93
                     |         S. lamelligeraLWT03
                     |         S. nevadensisC52
                     |         S. peckianaH93
                     |         S. rubrifloraLWT03
                     |         S. saxatilisH93
                     |         S. tracyiH93
                     |--S. chinensisCD07
                     |--+--S. epipactis [=Hacquetia epipactis]CD07
                     |  |--S. europaeaCD07
                     |  `--S. (sect. Pseudopetagnia) orthacanthaCD07
                     |--+--+--S. canadensisCD07
                     |  |  `--S. odorataCD07
                     |  `--+--S. smalliiCD07
                     |     `--S. trifoliataCD07
                     `--+--+--S. bipinnataCD07
                        |  `--+--S. graveolensCD07
                        |     `--S. tuberosaCD07
                        `--+--+--S. arctopoidesCD07
                           |  `--S. crassicaulisCD07
                           `--+--S. bipinnatifidaCD07
                              `--S. maritimaCD07

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[CD07] Calviño, C. I., & S. R. Downie. 2007. Circumscription and phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (1): 175–191.

[C52] Clarke, J. F. G. 1952. Host relationships of moths of the genera Depressaria and Agonopterix, with descriptions of new species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (7): 1–20.

[D07] Dash, S. S. 2007. Useful plants of Kabi Sacred Grove, Sikkim. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 79–88.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[K03] Kårehed, J. 2003. The family Pennantiaceae and its relationships to Apiales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 1–24.

[LWT03] Liu, M., B-E. van Wyk & P. M. Tilney. 2003. The taxonomic value of fruit structure in the subfamily Saniculoideae and related African genera (Apiaceae). Taxon 52: 261–270.

[PC85] Pimenov, M. G., & L. Constance. 1985. Nomenclature of suprageneric taxa in Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. Taxon 34 (3): 493–528.