Belongs within: Scorpaeniformes.
Contains: Pteroinae, Sebastinae, Sebastapistes, Scorpaena, Scorpaenopsis.
The Scorpaenidae are a diverse family of marine fishes including scorpionfishes, lionfishes and rockfishes.
Characters (Smith et al. 2018): Posterior opening of third circumorbital posteriorly directed; sensory canal of third circumorbital separate/not continuous with fourth or fifth circumorbital; transversus ventralis posterior with a tendon anteriorly.
Scorpaenidae [Scorpaenini, Sebastidae]
|--+--+--Scorpaenodes Bleeker 1857B-RW17, S58
| | | | i. s.: S. kelloggi (Jenkins 1903)MM14
| | | | S. varipinnis Smith 1957S57a
| | | |--S. minor (Smith 1958)LM13, MM14
| | | `--+--S. corallinus Smith 1957LM13, S57a
| | | `--S. guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)LM13, S57a (see below for synonymy)
| | `--+--‘Scorpaenodes’ albaiensis (Evermann & Seale 1907)B-RW17, MM14
| | `--PteroinaeB-RW17
| `--+--+--TrachyscorpiaSER18
| | | |--T. cristulataLM13
| | | `--T. eschmeyeriSER18
| | `--Ebinania costaecanariaeLM13
| `--+--Setarchidae [Setarchinae]SER18
| | |--Setarches Johnson 1862 (see below for synonymy)S57b
| | | `--*S. guntheri Johnson 1862 [incl. S. longiceps Smith 1949, S. marleyi Fowler 1935]S57b
| | |--Ectreposebastes imusSER18
| | `--Lioscorpius longicepsSER18, JR10
| `--+--+--NeomerintheB-RW17
| | | |--N. folgoriLM13
| | | `--N. hemingwayiB-RW17
| | `--PontinusSER18
| | |--P. longispinis Goode Bean 1896LD09
| | |--P. macrocephalusLM13
| | `--P. rathbuniB-RW17
| `--+--+--Adelosebastes latensB-RW17
| | `--Sebastolobus [Sebastolobinae]SER18
| | |--S. alascanusND13
| | |--S. altivelisCG97
| | `--S. macrochirSC07
| `--SebastinaeSER18
`--ScorpaeninaeSER18
|--+--+--Iracundus signiferB-RW17
| `--+--SebastapistesB-RW17
| `--Caracanthus Kroyer 1844B-RW17, S58 (see below for synonymy)
| |--C. maculatus (Gray 1831) (see below for synonymy)S58
| `--C. unipinna (Gray 1831)B-RW17, S58 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--ScorpaenaB-RW17
`--+--+--Taenianotus Lacepede 1802SER18, S58
| | `--*T. triacanthus Lacepede 1802 [incl. Tetraroge alboguttata Lienard 1843]S58
| `--Pteroidichthys amboensisSER18
`--+--Parascorpaena Bleeker 1876LM13, S57a
| |--*P. picta (Cuvier 1829) [=Scorpaena picta]S57a
| |--P. aurita (Ruppell 1838)S57a (see below for synonymy)
| |--P. banadensis (Bleeker 1851) [=Scorpaena banadensis]M58
| |--P. maculipinnis Smith 1957S57a
| `--P. mcadamsi (Fowler 1938)MM14
`--ScorpaenopsisB-RW17
Scorpaenidae incertae sedis:
MerintheJR10
|--M. bandanensisJR10
`--M. nematophthalmaJR10
SebastopsisJR10
|--S. marmorataJR10
`--S. scabraJR10
Decterias pusillusJR10
Scorpaenidarum acutus (Frost 1934)P93
Pogonoscorpius Regan 1908S57a
`--*P. seychellensis Regan 1908S57a
Dendroscorpaena Smith 1957 [=Scorpaenichthys Bleeker 1862 non Girard 1854]S57a
|--*D. cirrhosa (Thunberg 1793)S57a (see below for synonymy)
`--D. gilchristi Smith 1957S57a
Rhinopias Gill 1905 [incl. Peloropsis Gilbert 1905]S57a
`--*R. frondosa (Gunther 1891) [=Scorpaena frondosa; incl. Peloropsis xenops Gilbert 1905]S57a
Parascorpaenodes Smith 1957S57a
|--*P. hirsutus Smith 1957S57a
`--P. kelloggi (Jenkins 1902) [=Sebastopsis kelloggi]S57a
Hypomacrus Evermann & Seale 1907S57a
|--*H. albaiensis Evermann & Seale 1907S58
|--H. africanus Smith 1958S58
`--H. minor Smith 1958S58
Phenacoscorpius Fowler 1938S57a
|--*P. megalops Fowler 1938S57a
|--P. adenensis Norman 1939S58
`--P. nebulosus Smith 1958S58
Paronescodes Smith 1958S58
|--*P. asperrimus Smith 1958S58
`--P. parvipinnis (Garrett 1863) [=Scorpaenodes parvipinnis]S58
HipposcorpaenaSER18
HoplosebastesSER18
IdiastionSER18
NeoscorpaenaSER18
UrsinoscorpaenopsisSER18
Caracanthus Kroyer 1844B-RW17, S58 [incl. Amphiprionichthys Bleeker 1855S58, Centropus Kner 1860 non Illiger 1811S58, Crossoderma Guichenot 1869S58, Micropus Gray 1831 non Wolf 1810S58; Caracanthidae]
Caracanthus maculatus (Gray 1831) [=Micropus maculatus; incl. Crossoderma madagascariensis Guichenot 1869, Ca. madagascariensis, *Ca. typicus Kroyer 1844]S58
Caracanthus unipinna (Gray 1831)B-RW17, S58 [=Micropus unipinnaS58, C. unipinnusS58; incl. Amphiprionichthys apistus Bleeker 1859M58, Micropus longipinnis Jatzow & Lenz 1898S58, C. zeylonicus Smith 1931S58]
*Dendroscorpaena cirrhosa (Thunberg 1793)S57a [=Perca cirrhosaS57a, Scorpaena cirrhosaS57a, *Scorpaenichthys cirrhosaS57a, Scorpaenopsis cirrhosaS57a; incl. Scorpaena novaeguineae Cuvier 1829M58, S57a, Scorpaenopsis novaeguineaeS57a, Scorpaenopsis rosea Day 1878S57a]
Parascorpaena aurita (Ruppell 1838)S57a [=Scorpaena auritaS57a; incl. S. mossambica Peters 1855S57a, Parascorpaena mossambicaLM13, S. zanzibarensis Playfair 1866S57a]
Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)LM13, S57a [=Scorpaena guamensisS57a, Sebastapistes guamensisM58, Sebastes (Sebastopsis) guamensisM58; incl. Scorpaenopsis polylepis Bleeker 1857S57a, Scorpaena polylepisM58, *Scorpaenodes polylepisS57a, Sebastes polylepisJR10, Sebastopsis polylepisM58, Scorpaenopsis quiescens Seale 1906S57a, Scorpaena rawakensis Quoy & Gaimard 1824M58, Sebastes scabra Ramsay & Ogilby 1885S57a, Scorpaenodes scaberLM13]
Setarches Johnson 1862 [incl. Bathysebastes Steindachner & Doderlein 1884, Lioscorpis Gunther 1880, Lythrichthys Jordan & Starks 1904, Macroscorpius Fowler 1938]S57b
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B-RW17] Betancur-R, R., E. O. Wiley, G. Arratia, A. Acero, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 162.
[CG97] Cohen, B. L., & A. B. Gawthrop. 1997. The brachiopod genome. In: Kaesler, R. L. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, Revised vol. 1. Introduction pp. 189–211. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[JR10] Jordan, D. S., & R. E. Richardson. 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine archipelago. Bureau of Printing: Manila.
[LM13] Lautredou, A.-C., H. Motomura, C. Gallut, C. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Cruaud, G. Lecointre & A. Dettai. 2013. New nuclear markers and exploration of the relationships among Serraniformes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei): the importance of working at multiple scales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67: 140–155.
[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.
[MM14] Moore, G. I., S. M. Morrison, J. B. Hutchins, G. R. Allen & A. Sampey. 2014. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: fishes. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 161–206.
[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: A check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted: 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).
[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[S57a] Smith, J. L. B. 1957a. The fishes of the family Scorpaenidae in the western Indian Ocean. Part I. The subfamily Scorpaeninae. Ichthyological Bulletin 4: 49–72.
[S57b] Smith, J. L. B. 1957b. The fishes of the family Scorpaenidae in the western Indian Ocean. Part II. The subfamilies Pteroinae, Apistinae, Setarchinae and Sebastinae. Ichthyological Bulletin 5: 75–88.
[S58] Smith, J. L. B. 1958. Fishes of the families Tetrarogidae, Caracanthidae and Synanciidae from the western Indian Ocean with further notes on scorpaenid fishes. Ichthyological Bulletin 12: 167–181.
[SC07] Smith, W. L., & M. T. Craig. 2007. Casting the percomorph net widely: the importance of broad taxonomic sampling in the search for the placement of serranid and percid fishes. Copeia 2007 (1): 35–55.
[SER18] Smith, W. L., E. Everman & C. Richardson. 2018. Phylogeny and taxonomy of flatheads, scorpionfishes, sea robins, and stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the evolution of the lachrymal saber. Copeia 106 (1): 94–119.