Belongs within: Lamiidae.
Contains: Avicennia, Lindernia, Calceolariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Pedaliaceae, Acanthaceae, Phrymaceae, Lamiaceae, Orobanchaceae, Martyniaceae, Verbenaceae, Bignoniaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Ligustrum, Oleoideae, Jasminoideae.
The Lamiales are a large clade of flowering plants. The greatest diversity of species are herbs or shrubs but members also include large trees and parasites of other plants. Members include the Stilbaceae, a group of African trees and shrubs with funnel-shaped or tubular, often small flowers. The Neotropical Schlegeliaceae are mostly lianas and epiphytic shrubs with large, simple leaves. Petrea is a Neotropical genus of trees, shrubs and lianas with showy blue or white flowers (Liogier 1995). Paulownia is an east Asian genus of broad-leaved, fast-growing trees with purple or white flowers.
The Oleaceae are a cosmopolitan group of woody plants generally bearing flowers with a minute calyx and fused petals (Hickman 1993). The fragrant flowers of sweet osmanthus Osmanthus fragrans are used in Chinese cuisine to flavour food and drink.
Synapomorphies (www.mobot.org): Cornoside, verbascosides, methyl- and oxygenated flavones present; eglandular hairs multicellular; leaves opposite; endosperm with micropylar haustorium; fruit a septicidal capsule; cotyledons incumbent; protein bodies in nuclei; mitochondrial coxII.i3 intron absent.
Lamiales (see below for synonymy)
|--+--CalceolariaceaeOP01
| `--+--GesneriaceaeOP01
| `--+--PlantaginaceaeOP01
| `--+--ScrophulariaceaeOP01
| |--StilbaceaeOP01
| | |--Halleria lucidaOP01
| | |--Nuxia [Nuxioideae]OP01
| | | `--N. congestaDVC08
| | |--Stilbe [Stilboideae]OP01
| | | `--S. vestitaOP01
| | `--Retzia [Retziaceae, Retzioideae]OP01
| | `--R. capensisOP01
| `--+--+--PedaliaceaeOP01
| | `--AcanthaceaeOP01
| |--+--PhrymaceaeOP01
| | |--LamiaceaeOP01
| | `--+--OrobanchaceaeOP01
| | `--Paulownia [Paulowniaceae]OP01
| | |--P. fargesiiS77
| | `--P. tomentosaOP01 [incl. P. imperialisLO98]
| `--+--+--MartyniaceaeOP01
| | `--VerbenaceaeOP01
| `--+--SchlegeliaceaeOP01
| | |--GibsoniothamnusT00
| | |--SynopsisT00
| | `--Schlegelia Miq. 1844L95 [incl. DermatocalyxS77]
| | |--S. brachyantha Griseb. 1866 (see below for synonymy)L95
| | `--S. parvifloraOP01
| `--+--+--BignoniaceaeOP01
| | `--+--LentibulariaceaeT00
| | `--CyclocheilaceaeT00
| | |--CyclocheilonT00
| | `--AsepalumT00
| `--PetreaceaeT00
| |--CasseliaT00
| |--LampayoT00
| |--RecordiaT00
| `--Petrea L. 1753 [Petreae]L95
| |--P. kohautiana Presl 1844L95
| `--P. volubilis L. 1753L95
`--Oleaceae [Oleales, Olealium]OP01
| i. s.: MyxoporumH03
| |--M. nervosumH03
| `--M. ovatumH03
| LigustrumOP01
| Chionanthus L. 1753L95
| |--C. axilliflora (Griseb.) Stearn 1976 (see below for synonymy)L95
| |--C. compacta Sw. 1788 (see below for synonymy)L95
| |--C. domingensis Lam. 1791 (see below for synonymy)L95
| |--C. holdridgei (Camp & Monachino) Stearn 1976 [=Linociera holdridgei Camp & Monachino 1939]L95
| |--C. ligustrina (Sw.) Persoon 1805 (see below for synonymy)L95
| `--C. zeylanicusSR07
| Forestiera Poiret in Lamarck 1812L95
| |--F. eggersiana Krug & Urb. 1893L95
| |--F. pubescens [incl. F. neomexicana]H93
| |--F. rhamnifolia Griseb. 1866L95
| `--F. segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. 1893 (see below for synonymy)L95
| OsmanthusMH98
| |--O. asiaticusMH98
| |--O. fragansSS72
| |--O. heterophyllus [incl. Olea aquifolium]LO98
| |--O. ilicifoliusMH98
| |--O. insularisHTN02
| `--O. suavisSN88
| Nestegis Raf. 1838ME70 [incl. Gymnelaea (Endl.) Spach 1839A61]
| |--N. apetala (Vahl) Johnson in Degener 1958ME70 (see below for synonymy)
| |--N. cunninghamii (Hooker) Johnson 1958ME70 (see below for synonymy)
| |--N. lanceolata (Hooker) Johnson 1958ME70 (see below for synonymy)
| `--N. montana (Hook. f.) Johnson 1958ME70 (see below for synonymy)
| SyringaP93
| |--S. emodiSN88
| |--S. oblataS00
| |--S. persicaC55
| |--S. reticulataJZ20
| | |--S. r. ssp. reticulataJZ20
| | |--S. r. ssp. amurensis [=Ligustrina amurensis]JZ20
| | `--S. r. ssp. pekinensisJZ20
| `--S. vulgarisBR65
| Phillyrea latifolia Linnaeus 1753PL04 [incl. P. mediaY98]
| Haenianthus Griseb. 1861L95
| |--H. oblongatusJ87
| `--H. salicifoliusL95
| |--H. s. var. salicifoliusL95
| `--H. s. var. obovatus (Krug & Urb.) Knobl. 1933 [=H. obovatus Krug & Urb. 1892]L95
| Linociera ramifloraP03
| ForsythiaP93
| Oleiphyllum boreale Conwentz 1886CBH93
| ‘Retitricolporites’ oleoidesCBH93
| Pachyderma Blume 1826KC01
| Schrebera swietenioidesM72
|--OleoideaeT00
`--JasminoideaeT00
Lamiales incertae sedis:
EuthystachysK01
Polypremum L. 1753L95 [PolypremaceaeOP01]
`--P. procumbens L. 1753L95
PlocospermaJ00 [incl. LithophytumT00; PlocospermataceaeAPG16, Plocospermeae]
`--P. buxifoliumJ00
Tetrachondra Petrie 1892A61 [TetrachondraceaeOP01]
`--T. hamiltonii Petrie ex Oliver 1892 [=Tillaea hamiltonii Kirk in Hamilton 1885 (n. n.)]A61
AvicenniaOP01
Trapella [Trapellaceae]T00
Nesogenes [Nesogenaceae]T00
MazaceaeAPG16
CarlemanniaT00 [CarlemanniaceaeAPG16]
`--C. griffithiiDD73
ByblisT00 [ByblidaceaeAPG16]
|--B. filifoliaLK14
|--B. giganteaN70
|--B. linifloraLK14
`--B. roridaLK14
ThomandersiaSV00 [ThomandersiaceaeAPG16]
CoptocheileAPG16
LinderniaAPG16
AdenosmaRC02
|--A. capitatumRC02
`--A. coeruleumRC02
Bonnaya veronicaefoliaRC02
Curanga amaraRC02
Herpestes monnieraRC02
Vandellia crustaceaRC02
Chionanthus axilliflora (Griseb.) Stearn 1976 [=Linociera axilliflora Griseb. 1862, Mayepea axilliflora (Griseb.) Krug & Urb. 1892]L95
Chionanthus compacta Sw. 1788 [incl. C. caribaeus Jacq. 1788, Linociera caribaea (Jacq.) Knobl. 1895, Mayepea caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze 1891]L95
Chionanthus domingensis Lam. 1791 [=Linociera domingensis (Lam.) Knobl. 1895, Mayepea domingensis (Lam.) Krug & Urb. 1892; incl. L. latifolia Vahl 1804]L95
Chionanthus ligustrina (Sw.) Persoon 1805 [=Thouinia ligustrina Sw. 1788, Linociera ligustrina (Sw.) Sw. 1797, Mayepea ligustrina (Sw.) Kuntze 1891]L95
Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. 1893 [=Myrica segregata Jacq. 1788, Adelia segregata (Jacq.) Kuntze 1891; incl. F. cassinoides Poir. in Lam. 1812, F. porulosa jacquinii Eggers 1879, Adelia porulosa Michx. 1803]L95
Lamiales [Antirrhinidae, Bignoniales, Personales, Pseudosolanoideae, Rhinanthideae, Rhinanthoideae, Scrophulariales, Scrophularineae, Scrophularioideae]
Nestegis apetala (Vahl) Johnson in Degener 1958ME70 [=Olea apetala Vahl 1794A61, *Gymnelaea apetala (Vahl) Johnson 1957A61]
Nestegis cunninghamii (Hooker) Johnson 1958ME70 [=Olea cunninghamii Hooker 1854A61, Gymnelaea cunninghamii (Hooker) Johnson 1957ME70]
Nestegis lanceolata (Hooker) Johnson 1958ME70 [=Olea lanceolata Hooker 1854A61, Gymnelaea lanceolata (Hooker) Johnson 1957ME70]
Nestegis montana (Hooker) Johnson 1958ME70 [=Olea montana Hooker 1854A61, Gymnelaea montana (Hooker) Johnson 1957ME70]
Schlegelia brachyantha Griseb. 1866 [incl. S. brachyantha portoricensis Urb. 1899, S. portoricensis (Urb.) Britt. 1925]L95
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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